SynthesisBMJ global health2024
Cost and cost-effectiveness of digital technologies for support of tuberculosis treatment adherence: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ global health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The impact of digital adherence technologies on treatment outcomes, adherence, and patient-reported outcomes in tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Directly Observed Therapy on Successful Tuberculosis Treatment: A Statistical Analysis of National Notifications Data.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of a smart pillbox intervention for adherence to oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Enhancing tuberculosis care in lower and middle-income countries through digital adherence technologies.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Article
- Analysis of the utilization and effectiveness of tuberculosis digital adherence technology in southeastern China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- A Cost Analysis of Implementing Asynchronous Video Directly Observed Therapy for Monitoring Treatment in Patients with Tuberculosis Disease in Uganda.Research square · 2025Article
- Review
- Determinants of treatment success and cost implications in MDR/RR-TB patients: a prospective cohort study in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Between Process Gaps, Knowledge, and Patient Trust: Healthcare Workers' Insights on Implementing Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy for People with HIV in the Philippines and Indonesia.Implementation science communications · 2025Article
- Contextual factors influencing implementation of tuberculosis digital adherence technologies: a scoping review guided by the RE-AIM framework.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Adverse drug reactions in tuberculosis treatment: Incidence, duration and resolution pathways from a mixed-methods patient-centric study in India.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Pharmacoeconomic perspectives on HIV: integrating data for long-term treatment and prevention.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDigital adherence technologies (DATs) may provide a patient-centred approach to supporting tuberculosis (TB) medication adherence and improving treatment outcomes. We synthesised evidence addressing costs and cost-effectiveness of DATs to support TB treatment.
methodsA systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD42022313531) identified relevant literature from January 2000 to April 2023 in MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science along with preprints from medRxiv, Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies with observational, experimental or quasi-experimental designs (minimum 20 participants) and modelling studies reporting quantitative data on the cost or cost-effectiveness of DATs for TB infection or disease treatment were included. Study characteristics, cost and cost-effectiveness outcomes were extracted.
resultsOf 3619 titles identified by our systematic search, 29 studies met inclusion criteria, of which 9 addressed cost-effectiveness. DATs included short message service (SMS) reminders, phone-based technologies, digital pillboxes, ingestible sensors and video-observed therapy (VOT). VOT was the most extensively studied (16 studies) and was generally cost saving when compared with healthcare provider directly observed therapy (DOT), particularly when costs to patients were included-though findings were largely from high-income countries. Cost-effectiveness findings were highly variable, ranging from no clinical effect in one study (SMS), to greater effectiveness with concurrent cost savings (VOT) in others. Only eight studies adequately reported at least 80% of the elements required by Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards, a standard reporting checklist for health economic evaluations.
conclusionDATs may be cost saving or cost-effective compared with healthcare provider DOT, particularly in high-income settings. However, more data of higher quality are needed, notably in lower-income and middle-income countries which have the greatest TB burden.
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Registered trials
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