Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39476864›Full record

ArticleNature2025

Endogenous self-peptides guard immune privilege of the central nervous system.

Min Woo Kim, Wenqing Gao, Cheryl F Lichti, Xingxing Gu, Taitea Dykstra, Jay Cao, Igor Smirnov, Pavle Boskovic, Denis Kleverov, Andrea F M Salvador and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Immunotherapy for Glioma: A compartmental framework for resistance and rational combination design.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Engulfment by brain macrophages in a short-lived vertebrate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. The CNS Meninges and the Synovial Joint: Parallel Immunological Structures in Autoimmune Disease.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Min Woo KimBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1327-3617
Wenqing GaoBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-2222-7393
Cheryl F LichtiBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4099-4954
Xingxing GuBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Taitea DykstraBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7756-809X
Jay CaoBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Igor SmirnovBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Pavle BoskovicBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Denis KleverovDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-1362-486X
Andrea F M SalvadorBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Antoine DrieuBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6237-4719
Kyungdeok KimBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Susan BlackburnBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Clair CreweDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3117-5327
Maxim N ArtyomovDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1133-4212
Emil R UnanueBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
Jonathan KipnisBrain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA. kipnis@wustl.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3714-517X

Funding

NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARD-MEDICAL SCIENTISTT32GM007200 · NIGMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI YOKOYAMA, WAYNE M. · 1985 to 2024
$59.8M
Neural code of the immune responsesDP1AT010416 · NCCIH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI KIPNIS, JONATHAN · 2018 to 2022
$5.6M
Extracellular Vesiclemediated Regulation of MetabolismR00DK122019 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI CREWE, CLAIR · 2021 to 2023
$727k
NCCIH NIH HHS DP1 AT010416NIDDK NIH HHS R00 DK122019NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the presence of strategically positioned anatomical barriers designed to protect the central nervous system (CNS), it is not entirely isolated from the immune system

Indexed as

AutoimmunityCentral Nervous SystemHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIImmune PrivilegeAnimalsAntigen PresentationAntigen-Presenting CellsAutoantigensBrainCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCTLA-4 AntigenEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalFemaleHomeostasisImmunologic SurveillanceLymphatic SystemAutoantigensCTLA-4 AntigenHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIPeptidesTransforming Growth Factor beta

Identifiers

PMID39476864
PMCPMC11666455

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.