Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39476659›Full record

ArticleCognition2025

Drawings reveal changes in object memory, but not spatial memory, across time.

Emma Megla, Samuel R Rosenthal, Wilma A Bainbridge

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cognition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Emma MeglaDepartment of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: emegla@uchicago.edu.
Samuel R RosenthalDepartment of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Wilma A BainbridgeDepartment of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Funding

The neural and behavioral causes underlying differences between visual perception and memoryR01EY034432 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI Wilma A. Bainbridge · 2023 to 2026
$1.6M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY034432
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Time has an immense influence on our memory. Truncated encoding leads to memory for only the 'gist' of an image, and long delays before recall result in generalized memories with few details. Here, we used crowdsourced scoring of hundreds of drawings made from memory after variable encoding (Experiment 1) and retentions of that memory (Experiment 2) to quantify what features of memory content change across time. We found that whereas some features of memory are highly dependent on time, such as the proportion of objects recalled from a scene and false recall for objects not in the original image, spatial memory was highly accurate and relatively independent of time. We also found that we could predict which objects were recalled across time based on the location, meaning, and saliency of the objects. The differential impact of time on object and spatial memory supports a separation of these memory systems.

Indexed as

Mental RecallSpatial MemoryAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleMemoryPattern Recognition, VisualTime FactorsYoung AdultFalse memoryLong-term memoryMemory recallScene perceptionVisual memoryVisual processing

Identifiers

PMID39476659
PMCPMC11611671

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.