ReviewNeurosurgical review2024
Complication avoidance, rehabilitation, pain therapy and palliative care for patients with metastatic spine tumors: WFNS spine committee recommendations.
Review in Neurosurgical review, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spine surgery for metastatic spine cancer in the era of advanced radiation therapy.Asian spine journal · 2026Article
- Using Endoscopic Approaches in the Surgical Management of Spinal Metastatic Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Contemporary management strategies for spinal metastases: diagnosis, multidisciplinary approaches, and outcomes - a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Comparative Effectiveness of Kyphoplasty and Radiation with or Without Radiofrequency Ablation in Spinal Metastases from Lung Cancer.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis review aims to formulate the most current, evidence-based recommendations regarding complication avoidance, rehabilitation, pain therapy and palliative care for patients with metastatic spine tumors.
methodsA systematic literature search in PubMed and MEDLINE, and was performed from 2013 to 2023 using the search terms "complications" + "spine metastases", "spine metastases" + + "rehabilitation", "spine metastases" + "pain therapy" + "palliative care". Screening criteria resulted in 35, 15 and 56 studies respectively that were analyzed. Using the Delphi method and two rounds of voting at two separate international meetings, nine members of the WFNS (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies) Spine Committee generated nine final consensus statements.
resultsPreoperative assessment for complications following surgery in patients with metastatic spine tumors should include estimation of Karnofsky score, site of primary tumor, number of spinal and visceral metastasis, ASA score and preoperative Hb (Hemoglobin) value. Complication risk factors are age > 65 years, preoperative ASA score of 3 and 4 and greater operative blood loss. Pain management using WHO analgesic concept and early mobilization are needed, starting with non-opioids, weak opioids followed by strong opioids. Morphine is the first choice for moderate to severe pain whereas IV-PCA may be used for severe breakthrough pain with monitoring. Use of bisphosphonates is considered in cases of non-localized pain and not accessible radiation therapy.
conclusionsThese nine final consensus statements provide current, evidence-based guidelines on complication avoidance, rehabilitation, pain therapy and palliative care for patients with spinal metastases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.