ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
Role of molecular damage in crack initiation mechanisms of tough elastomers.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fatigue-resistant and tough double network granular elastomers.Science advances · 2026Article
- Wear in multiple network elastomers arises from the continuous accumulation of molecular damage rather than microcrack growth.Science advances · 2026Article
- Tough and Rapidly Relaxing Hydrogels Via Programmable Crosslink Kinetics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Probing the microscopic origin of toughness in multiple polymer networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Quantitative stress and damage mapping in multiple network elastomers using a single mechanophore.Nature communications · 2025Article
- From molecular damage and viscoelasticity to interfacial fracture in soft polymer networks: Insights from mechanochemistry.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Autonomic Self-Healing of Polymers: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Role of molecular damage in crack initiation mechanisms of tough elastomers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tough soft materials such as multiple network elastomers (MNE) or filled elastomers are typically stretchable and include significant energy dissipation mechanisms that prevent or delay crack growth. Yet most studies and fracture models focus on steady-state propagation and damage is assumed to be decoupled from the local stress and strain fields near the crack tip. We report an in situ spatial-temporally resolved 3D measurement of molecular damage in mechanophore-labeled MNE just before a crack propagates. This technique, complemented by digital image correlation, allows us to compare the spatial distribution of both damage and deformation in single network (SN) elastomers and in MNE. Compared to SN, MNE have a wide-spread damage in front of the crack and, surprisingly, delocalize strain concentration. A continuum model, where damage distribution is fully coupled to the crack tip fields, is proposed to explain these results. Additional measurements of time-dependent molecular damage during fixed grips relaxation in the presence of a crack reveal that the less localized damage distribution delays fracture initiation. The observations and exploratory modeling reveal the dynamic fracture mechanism of MNE, providing guidance for rational design of high-performance tough elastomers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.