Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39474834›Full record

ArticleCommunity dentistry and oral epidemiology2025

Navigating Disparities in Dental Health-A Transit-Based Investigation of Access to Dental Care in Virginia.

Junghwan Kim, Shashank Karki, Tegwyn Brickhouse, Marko Vujicic, Kamyar Nasseh, Changzhen Wang, Mengxi Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Junghwan KimDepartment of Geography, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7275-769X
Shashank KarkiDepartment of Geography, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-0911-8052
Tegwyn BrickhouseDepartment of Dental Public Health and Policy, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Marko VujicicHealth Policy Institute, American Dental Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Kamyar NassehHealth Policy Institute, American Dental Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Changzhen WangDepartment of Geography and the Environment, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA.
Mengxi ZhangDepartment of Health Systems and Implementation Science, Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2996-5346

Funding

4VA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo identify vulnerable areas and populations with limited access to dental care in Virginia, the study aimed (1) to calculate travel time and accessibility scores to dental care in Virginia using a transit-based accessibility model for all dental clinics and dental clinics participating in the Medicaid dental program and (2) to estimate factors associated with accessibility to dental clinics participating in the Medicaid dental program in Virginia.

methodsThe study used building footprints as origins of transit trips to dental care services (or destinations). The study then computed transit-based origin-destination travel time matrices based on the detailed trip information, including in-vehicle and out-of-vehicle travel time. Accessibility scores were calculated by counting the number of dental clinics that can be reached within 60 min. Regression analysis was used to measure factors associated with accessibility scores to dental clinics participating in Medicaid.

resultsResidents in smaller regions spent longer travel time to dental clinics by public transit compared with those who resided in larger regions. Medicaid participants also faced longer travel time compared with the general population. Residents spent more than three-fourths of the time waiting for public transit and walking to clinics regardless of where they live and what type of insurance they have. Associations between sociodemographic factors and accessibility scores to dental clinics participating in the Medicaid dental program varied across regions.

conclusionsDisparities in dental care accessibility exist depending on the size of regions and Medicaid participation in Virginia. The disparities in transit-based access to dental clinics and a disproportionate amount of time spent waiting for public transit and walking to dental clinics could be improved through tailored interventions taking into account the sociodemographic and geographic characteristics of each region.

Indexed as

Dental CareHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityTransportationAdultDental ClinicsFemaleHumansMaleMedicaidMiddle AgedUnited StatesVirginia

Identifiers

PMID39474834
PMCPMC11754141

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.