ArticleNature communications2024
Collective buoyancy-driven dynamics in swarming enzymatic nanomotors.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Task-Oriented Biomedical Microrobots: Access, Working Environment, Actuation, Body Design, Detection and Control.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Article
- Synergistic magneto-enzymatic propulsion enables multimodal nanomotor swarms.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Collective climbing of colloidal swarms on the vertical wall.Science advances · 2026Article
- Nanomotor-Assisted Intravesical Chemotherapy for Bladder Tumor Reduction and Suppression of Early Tumor Regrowth.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Collective Behaviors of Micro/Nanomotor Swarms.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Interactions Between Active Matters and Endogenous Fields.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Flow-Active Liquid Marbles as Microreactors for Photocatalytic Micromotors.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- A roadmap for next-generation nanomotors.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Collective Dynamics of Urease-Based Nanomotors in a Chemical Gradient.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Rapid vortex ring bubble transport via bubble-pulsation of constrained underwater spark discharge.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanomotors: Crossing Mucosal Barriers to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Swarms of Enzymatic Nanobots for Efficient Gene Delivery.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Positive Chemotactic Flasklike Colloidal Motors Propelled by Rotary FResearch (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Enzymatic nanomotors harvest kinetic energy through the catalysis of chemical fuels. When a drop containing nanomotors is placed in a fuel-rich environment, they assemble into ordered groups and exhibit intriguing collective behaviour akin to the bioconvection of aerobic microorganismal suspensions. This collective behaviour presents numerous advantages compared to individual nanomotors, including expanded coverage and prolonged propulsion duration. However, the physical mechanisms underlying the collective motion have yet to be fully elucidated. Our study investigates the formation of enzymatic swarms using experimental analysis and computational modelling. We show that the directional movement of enzymatic nanomotor swarms is due to their solutal buoyancy. We investigate various factors that impact the movement of nanomotor swarms, such as particle concentration, fuel concentration, fuel viscosity, and vertical confinement. We examine the effects of these factors on swarm self-organization to gain a deeper understanding. In addition, the urease catalysis reaction produces ammonia and carbon dioxide, accelerating the directional movement of active swarms in urea compared with passive ones in the same conditions. The numerical analysis agrees with the experimental findings. Our findings are crucial for the potential biomedical applications of enzymatic nanomotor swarms, ranging from enhanced diffusion in bio-fluids and targeted delivery to cancer therapy.
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