ReviewClinical and translational medicine2024
Natural killer cell engagers: From bi-specific to tri-specific and tetra-specific engagers for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Clinical and translational medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanisms of tumor cell evasion from NK cell-mediated killing and advances in NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Review
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: integrating molecular insights for targeted interventions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- CLL-1: An emerging target for immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia.Annals of hematology · 2026Review
- Engineering NKG2D ligand affinity transforms EGFR-targeted NK cell engagers into high-potency effectors against pancreatic cancer.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Article
- Bispecific and multispecific immune engagers for redirecting innate and adaptive immunity against hematologic cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Current development and challenges of NK cell-based immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Genetic variants ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- T-cell engagers in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Emerging precision medicine in multiple myeloma: clinical and preclinical landscape of T cell, natural killer cell, and macrophages engaging multi-specific antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune cell engagers in lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- CAR Beyond αβ T Cells: Unleashing NK Cells, Macrophages, and γδ T Lymphocytes Against Solid Tumors.Vaccines · 2025Review
- T-Cell Engager Therapy in Prostate Cancer: Molecular Insights into a New Frontier in Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Bispecific Antibodies, Nanobodies and Extracellular Vesicles: Present and Future to Cancer Target Therapy.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Immune Cell Engagers: Advancing Precision Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Coley's Toxin to First Approved Therapeutic Vaccine-A Brief Historical Account in the Progression of Immunobiology-Based Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Natural killer cell engagers: From bi-specific to tri-specific and tetra-specific engagers for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Natural killer cell engagers (NKCEs) are a specialised subset of antibodies capable of simultaneously targeting endogenous NK cells and tumour cells, generating precise and effective cytolytic responses against cancer. This review systematically explores NK engagers as a rising star in NK-mediated immunotherapy, specifically focusing on multi-specific engagers. It examines the diverse configuration of NKCEs and how certain biologics could be employed to boost NK activity, including activating receptor engagement and cytokine incorporation. Some challenges and future perspectives of current NKCEs therapy are also discussed, including optimising pharmacokinetics, addressing the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and exploring potential combinatorial approaches. By offering an in-depth analysis of the current landscape and future trajectories of multi-specific NKCEs in cancer treatment, this review serves as a valuable resource for understanding this promising field of immunotherapy. HIGHLIGHTS: Innovative NKCEs: NK cell engagers (NKCEs) represent a promising new class of immunotherapeutics targeting tumours by activating NK cells. Multi-specific formats: The transition from bi-specific to multi-specific NKCEs enhances their versatility and therapeutic efficacy. MECHANISMS OF ACTION: NKCEs have the potential to improve NK cell activation by engaging activating receptors and incorporating cytokines. CLINICAL POTENTIAL: Current clinical trials demonstrate the safety and efficacy of various NKCEs across different cancer types. Future research directions: Optimising NKCE designs and exploring combination therapies are essential for overcoming challenges in cancer treatment.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.