ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
Phylogenetic evidence supporting the nonenveloped nature of hepadnavirus ancestors.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Identification and characterization of novel bat coronaviruses in Spain.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Metagenomic analysis uncovers novel hepadnaviruses and nackednaviruses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reverse-transcribing animal DNA viruses include the hepadnaviruses, a well-characterized family of small enveloped viruses that infect vertebrates but also a sister group of nonenveloped viruses more recently discovered in fish and termed the nackednaviruses. Here, we describe the complete sequence of a virus found in the feces of an insectivorous bat, which encodes a core protein and a reverse transcriptase but no envelope protein. A database search identified a viral sequence from a permafrost sample as its closest relative. The two viruses form a cluster that occupies a basal phylogenetic position relative to hepadnaviruses and nackednaviruses, with an estimated divergence time of 500 My. These findings may lead to the definition of a "proto-nackednavirus" family and support the hypothesis that the ancestors of hepadnaviruses were nonenveloped.
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