ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2025
Associations between academic achievement and internalizing disorders in Swedish students aged 16 years between 1990 and 2018.
Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The mediating and moderating roles of physical sub-health in the relationship between family functioning and mental health problems among Chinese adolescents.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale for Youth (DASS-Y) Indonesian Version for Screening Internalizing Disorders Among Adolescents.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- School attendance matters: co-occurring trajectories of school attendance and academic achievement from elementary to secondary school in a Canadian context.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations between academic achievement and internalizing disorders in Sweden 2006-2018: Moderation by sex, socio-economic status, and country of birth.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRising rates of internalizing disorders and rising rates of school failure among adolescents are growing concerns. Despite the strong association between academic achievement and internalizing disorders, possible links between these two trends have not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the development of the cross-sectional associations between academic achievement and internalizing disorders in Swedish students aged 16 years between 1990 and 2018.
methodsRegister data on specialist psychiatric care and prescriptions of psycholeptic and psychotropic drugs were linked to data on students' school grades in the last year of compulsory school. The total sample size was 3,089,674 students. Logistic regression models with internalizing disorders as the dependent variable, and graduation year and academic achievement as independent variables, were estimated.
resultsThroughout the period, there was a strong negative association between academic achievement and internalizing disorders. Low-achieving students had by far the highest risks of internalizing disorders. In absolute terms, the increase in internalizing disorders was clearly largest for low-achieving students. The relative risks for low-achieving compared to higher achieving students increased between 1990 and 2010 and declined after 2010.
conclusionsThis study found consistently large, and at least until 2010 growing, achievement-related inequalities in internalizing disorders among Swedish adolescents between 1990 and 2018, with the lowest achieving students having disproportionally high risks. The increasingly pronounced concentration of internalizing disorders in the lowest rungs of the achievement distribution suggests that preventive interventions should focus on supporting this doubly disadvantaged group of students.
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