ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2024
Protamine-Mediated Tangles Produce Extreme Deoxyribonucleic Acid Compaction.
Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Counteraction of HMGB1 at ss-dsDNA junctions maintains liquidity of protamine-DNA co-condensates.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Counteraction of HMGB1 at ss-dsDNA junctions maintains liquidity of protamine-DNA co-condensates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Measuring bridging forces in protein-DNA condensates.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Protamine Drives Liquid and Solid Condensation of DNA and Glycosaminoglycans.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Multiphasic Organization and Differential Dynamics of Proteins within Protein-DNA Biomolecular Condensates.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2025Article
- Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of intrinsically disordered proteins.Current opinion in structural biology · 2025Review
- Single-molecule measurements of double-stranded DNA condensation.Biophysical journal · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In sperm cells, protamine replaces histones to compact DNA 10-20 times more than in somatic cells. To characterize the extreme compaction, we employed confocal microscopy and optical tweezers to determine the conformations and stability of protamine-bound λ-DNA. Confocal images show increasing compaction of λ-DNA at increasing protamine concentration. In the presence of protamine, single λ-DNA molecules form tangles that withstand forces strong enough (∼55 pN) for strand separation and shorten the contour length by up to 40% even at high forces, as well as bends and loops that rupture at 10-40 pN forces. Strand separation nucleates tangles, implicating protamine interactions with DNA bases. Molecular dynamics simulations show that Arg sidechains of protamine each form hydrogen bonds with multiple bases, frequently in the form of a wedge between the two strands of DNA. Protamine may participate in both local and higher-order chromatin organization, leading to extreme compaction and global transcription silencing.
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Registered trials
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