ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Immune and non-immune mediators in the fibrosis pathogenesis of salivary gland in Sjögren's syndrome.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Photobiomodulation for salivary gland dysfunction: aligning clinical expectations with etiology-dependent treatment responsiveness.Lasers in medical science · 2026Review
- Detecting Sjögren's Disease from Parotid Gland Ultrasound Radiomics.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Assessment of salivary gland involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome using ultrasound viscoelasticity imaging.European radiology · 2026Article
- Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Gland Stiffness in Primary Sjögren's Disease and Idiopathic Xerostomia.Oral diseases · 2026Article
- Real-world damage accrual in Sjögren's disease: a 5-year multicentre GIRRCS cohort analysis.RMD open · 2026Article
- Beyond inflammation: siRNA strategies for precision targeting in rheumatological disorders.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Identification of molecular diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic drugs for Sjögren's syndrome.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Unveiling dry eye with autoimmune features (DEAF): insights from a prospective longitudinal study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Emerging Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Onset of Oral Diseases and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Analysis of the Influence of Soft Palate Inflammation in Brachycephalic Dogs with BOAS III.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- An intricate relationship between fibrosis and autoimmune diseases: a specific focus on unraveling its molecular, immunological, and epigenetic drivers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From inflammatory initiation to fibrotic remodeling: mechanisms and precision therapeutic strategies in otorhinolaryngologic involvement of IgG4-related disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-Based Modulation of Autoimmune Microenvironments in Sjögren's Syndrome: A Review of Mechanistic Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal orchestration of the salivary gland immune microenvironment in Sjögren's disease: a multidimensional framework of epithelial licensing, lymphoid neogenesis, and stromal remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Macrophage polarization in Sjögren's syndrome: from mechanisms to therapeutic translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Fibrotic remodeling in the NOD/ShiLtJ mouse model of Sjögren's disease: insights from single-cell transcriptomics and AI-driven ECM quantification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From immune activation to symptom burden: mechanisms and translational implications of immune-symptom uncoupling in Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Narrative Review of Salivary Gland Extracellular Matrix and Sjögren's Syndrome: Research Status and Future Prospects.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy-induced sialadenitis: sjögren's syndrome or a new sialadenitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Predicted T-Cell and B-Cell Epitopes of NIS: Where Do Sjögren's Syndrome and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Converge?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) or Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disease clinically manifested as sicca symptoms. This disease primarily impacts the functionality of exocrine glands, specifically the lacrimal and salivary glands (SG). SG fibrosis, an irreversible morphological change, is a severe consequence that occurs in the later stages of the disease due to sustained inflammation. However, the mechanism underlying SG fibrosis in SS remains under-investigated. Glandular fibrosis may arise from chronic sialadenitis, in which the interactions between infiltrating lymphocytes and epithelial cells potentially contributes to fibrotic pathogenesis. Thus, both immune and non-immune cells are closely involved in this process, while their interplays are not fully understood. The molecular mechanism of tissue fibrosis is partly associated with an imbalance of immune responses, in which the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix remodeling are recently investigated. In addition, viral infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of SS. Viral-specific innate immune response could exacerbate the autoimmune progression, resulting in overt inflammation in SG. Notably, post-COVID patients exhibit typical SS symptoms and severe inflammatory sialadenitis, which are positively correlated with SG damage. In this review, we discuss the immune and non-immune risk factors in SG fibrosis and summarize the evidence to understand the mechanisms upon autoimmune progression in SS.
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