ArticleEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2024
The Causal Role of Thyroid Hormones in Bipolar Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetics of Thyroid Function: Relevance for Biology and Disease Management.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Genetic Link Between Endocrine Hormones and Psychiatric Disorders: An Atlas of Genetic Correlations.Endocrines · 2025Article
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1 author.
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Abstract
introductionBipolar disorder is a complex psychiatric condition with distinctions between clinical subtypes including Type 1 and 2 disorders. Several studies have proposed that thyroid hormones may be involved in the aetiology of bipolar disorders.
methodsThis study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationships between six thyroid hormone metrics (TSH, FT4, FT3, TT3, FT3/FT4 and TT3/FT4) and bipolar disorder and Type 1 and 2 disorders, separately. Genome-wide association (GWAS) data from the ThyroidOmics Consortium (up to 271,040 individuals of European ancestry) were used for thyroid function metrics. Bipolar disorder GWAS data included 41,917 cases and 371,549 controls (25,060 Type 1 and 6,781 Type 2 cases). We applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) methods for primary MR analysis, with MR Egger, weighted median and weighted mode for sensitivity. Additional tests assessed horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity.
resultsHigher FT4 levels showed a protective causal effect against bipolar disorder (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.97, p = 4.58 × 10
conclusionsThese findings highlight the protective role of FT4 and the potentially harmful effect of elevated FT3 in Type 1 bipolar disorder, highlighting the need for further research on thyroid hormone levels as a potential treatment strategy for Type 1 bipolar disorder.
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