Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39467872›Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2025

Exposure to antibiotics and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes: results from a Swedish case-control study (ESTRID) and the Norwegian HUNT study.

Jessica Edstorp, Marios Rossides, Emma Ahlqvist, Lars Alfredsson, Johan Askling, Daniela Di Giuseppe, Valdemar Grill, Elin P Sorgjerd, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Bjørn O Åsvold and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jessica EdstorpInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. jessica.edstorp@ki.se.ORCID 0000-0002-6009-8738
Marios RossidesInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-9769-324X
Emma AhlqvistDepartment of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-6513-2384
Lars AlfredssonInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-1688-6697
Johan AsklingClinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-0433-0616
Daniela Di GiuseppeClinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-3817-8288
Valdemar GrillDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-6959-022X
Elin P SorgjerdHUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-5995-2386
Tiinamaija TuomiDepartment of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-8306-6202
Bjørn O ÅsvoldDepartment of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-3837-2101
Sofia CarlssonInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-9497-2331

Funding

exodiab 2009-1039Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd 2018-00337Novo Nordisk Fonden NNF19OC0057274Novo Nordisk Fonden NNF21OC0070457Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research IRC15-0067Vetenskapsrådet 2018-03035Vetenskapsrådet 2020-02191
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisSome studies find an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in children exposed to antibiotics. We investigated if exposure to antibiotics increases the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes.

methodsWe used data from a Swedish case-control study (Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for LADA and Type 2 Diabetes [ESTRID]: LADA, n=597; type 2 diabetes, n=2065; control participants matched on participation time, n=2386) and a case-control study nested within the Norwegian Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) (n=82/1279/2050). Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes indicating antibiotic dispensations were retrieved from the Swedish National Prescribed Drug Register and Norwegian Prescription Database. Multivariable adjusted ORs with 95% CIs were estimated by conditional logistic regression and pooled using fixed-effects inverse-variance weighting.

resultsWe observed no increased risk of LADA with exposure to antibiotics up to 1 year (OR CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationWe found no evidence that exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics up to 10 years prior to diagnosis increases the risk of LADA. There was some indication of increased LADA risk with exposure to narrow-spectrum antibiotics, which warrants further investigation.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in AdultsAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1FemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNorwayRisk FactorsSwedenAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibacterial agentCase–control studyDiabetes mellitusESTRIDHUNTLADALatent autoimmune diabetes in adultsRegistriesType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39467872
PMCPMC11663149

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.