ArticlePLoS biology2024
Ethical considerations for the use of brain-computer interfaces for cognitive enhancement.
Article in PLoS biology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Application and prospects of brain-computer interface technology for motor function reconstruction after brachial plexus injury.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Neural Vision Restoration in Ophthalmology.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Nanotube-Assisted Motor Neuron and Neuromuscular Junction Stabilization in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Hypothesis for Adjunctive Therapy.Neurology international · 2026Review
- MIRAGE: Robust multi-modal architectures translate fMRI-to-image models from vision to mental imagery.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Ethical Precision in Nanoscale Brain Interfacing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Application and Research Progress of BCI in Post-Stroke Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Multi-Level Perception Systems in Fusion of Lifeforms: Classification, Challenges and Future Conceptions.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Non-Invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: Converging Frontiers in Neural Signal Decoding and Flexible Bioelectronics Integration.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Ethics of brain-computer interface in mental healthcare.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- From technological closed-loop to human-machine trust: a systematic review of ethical and communication challenges of brain-computer interface in elderly care.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Contemporary Ethical Considerations in Psychiatric Neurosurgery.Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery · 2026Review
- Adaptive neuromodulation dialogues: navigating current challenges and emerging innovations in neuromodulation system development.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Review
- Enhancing Soldiers for Future Warfare: Good Science; Bad Ethics?Science and engineering ethics · 2025Article
- [Technical maturity and bubble risks of brain-computer interface (BCI): Considerations from research to industrial translation].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025Article
- Informed consent competency assessment for brain-computer interface clinical research and application in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Towards Predictive Communication: The Fusion of Large Language Models and Brain-Computer Interface.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Traumatic Brain Injury: Novel Experimental Approaches and Treatment Possibilities.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Integration of brain-computer interfaces with sacral nerve stimulation: a vision for closed-loop, volitional control of bladder function in neurogenic patients through real-time cortical signal modulation and peripheral neuro-stimulation.World journal of urology · 2025Review
- The Role of Physical Activity in ADHD Management: Diagnostic, Digital and Non-Digital Interventions, and Lifespan Considerations.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable direct communication between the brain and external computers, allowing processing of brain activity and the ability to control external devices. While often used for medical purposes, BCIs may also hold great promise for nonmedical purposes to unlock human neurocognitive potential. In this Essay, we discuss the prospects and challenges of using BCIs for cognitive enhancement, focusing specifically on invasive enhancement BCIs (eBCIs). We discuss the ethical, legal, and scientific implications of eBCIs, including issues related to privacy, autonomy, inequality, and the broader societal impact of cognitive enhancement technologies. We conclude that the development of eBCIs raises challenges far beyond practical pros and cons, prompting fundamental questions regarding the nature of conscious selfhood and about who-and what-we are, and ought, to be.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.