Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39466584›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026

Therapist-Reported Adaptations to an Autism Intervention: Family-Level Predictors and Associations with Fidelity.

Barbara Caplan, Colby Chlebowski, Teresa Lind, Elizabeth Rangel, Lauren Brookman-Frazee

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02416323 (Effectiveness and Implementation of a Mental Health Intervention for ASD), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02416323 nacompletednot on this map

Effectiveness and Implementation of a Mental Health Intervention for ASD

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San DiegoRan2012 to 2018Enrolled609ConditionsAutism Spectrum DisorderArmsAIM HI Training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Barbara CaplanDepartment of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA, 90840, USA. Barbara.caplan@csulb.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-5411
Colby ChlebowskiDepartment of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Teresa LindChild and Adolescent Services Research Center (CASRC), San Diego, CA, USA.
Elizabeth RangelChild and Adolescent Services Research Center (CASRC), San Diego, CA, USA.
Lauren Brookman-FrazeeChild and Adolescent Services Research Center (CASRC), San Diego, CA, USA.

Funding

Effectiveness and Implementation of a Mental Health Intervention for ASDR01MH094317 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BROOKMAN-FRAZEE, LAUREN · 2012 to 2016
$3.5M
1/2 Effectiveness of a Multi-Level Implementation Strategy for ASD Interventions - SupplementR01MH111950 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BROOKMAN-FRAZEE, LAUREN · 2017 to 2020
$3.3M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH094317NIMH NIH HHS R01MH094317NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111950
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to: (1) confirm the factor structure of a therapist-report measure of adaptations to an autism evidence-based intervention (EBI), (2) identify predictors of adaptation types, and (3) examine associations of adaptation types with observed therapist fidelity. Participants included a subset of therapists (N = 70; 31.4% Hispanic), autistic children (N = 79; ages 5-13 years; 57.0% Hispanic), and their caregivers (N = 77; 54.5% Hispanic), who participated in the training condition of a community effectiveness trial of An Individualized Mental Health Intervention for Autism (AIM HI). Families reported demographics and completed assessments of child functioning and caregiver strain at baseline. Therapists submitted video recordings of psychotherapy sessions during EBI training, which were later coded for fidelity by independent raters. Therapists completed the Adaptations to Evidence-Based Practices Scale at the end of the 6-month training period. Multi-level confirmatory factor analysis yielded two adaptation types consistent with prior research: Augmenting and Reducing/Reordering adaptations. In multi-level models, higher Augmenting adaptations were associated with lower child cognitive functioning (B= -0.01, p < .05), higher child autism characteristics (B = 0.01, p < .05), and Non-Hispanic White caregiver ethnicity (B = - 0.17, p < .01). Higher Reducing/Reordering adaptations were associated with Non-Hispanic White caregiver race/ethnicity only (B = - 0.33, p < .01). There were no significant associations between therapist-reported adaptations and observed fidelity. This study further supports Augmenting and Reducing/Reordering as distinct subtypes of adaptations with unique predictors. Therapists likely adapt AIM HI to tailor the EBI to individual client needs and do so in ways that do not appear to interfere with fidelity.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02416323.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PsychologicalAutistic DisorderPsychotherapyAdolescentAdultCaregiversChildChild, PreschoolEvidence-Based PracticeFemaleHumansMaleAdaptationsAutismCommunity-effectiveness trialEvidence-based practiceMental health

Identifiers

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.