ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2025
Clinical and biochemical assessments of circulating High Mobility Group Box Protein1 in children with epilepsy: relation to cognitive function and drug responsiveness.
Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vagus nerve stimulation: anti-inflammatory effects in epilepsy.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Clinical application of HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathway-mediated neuroinflammatory markers in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundChildhood epilepsy is a major health concern posing a significant burden and having disastrous consequences for cognitive function. High Mobility Group Box1 (HMGB1) is an activator of neuroinflammation, and it is possibly involved in the initiation and progression of epilepsy. We aimed to investigate circulating HMGB1 in children with epilepsy and its connection to cognitive function and drug responsiveness.
methodsCase-control research included 100 epileptic youngsters and 100 healthy matched controls. Serum HMGB1 was measured using a commercially available ELISA assay. Cognitive functions were evaluated by the Stanford-Binet test 5th edition.
resultsDrug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) was found in 37% of the investigated patients. Epileptic children have lower cognitive function parameter levels versus the control group and lower cognitive function in the DRE group compared to the drug-responsive group (P-value < 0.0001). HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in the patients' group (6.279 µg/L) compared to the control group (2.093 µg/L) and in the drug-resistant group (14.26 µg/L) versus the drug-responsive group (4.88 µg/L). A significant negative correlation was detected between HMGB1 with Full-scale IQ (r = - 0.547, P = 0.000), Visual-spatial reasoning (r = - 0.501, P = 0.000), fluid reasoning (r = - 0.510, P = 0.000), and working memory (r = - 0.555, P = 0.000). Serum HMGB1 cut-off levels > 6.85 µg/L differentiate drug-responsive from resistant patients.
conclusionElevated HMGB1 levels, especially in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, correlate negatively with cognitive performance, emphasizing its importance as a potential marker for early prediction of drug resistance and impairment of cognitive function.
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