ReviewCNS drugs2025
The Role of GABA Receptors in Anesthesia and Sedation: An Updated Review.
Review in CNS drugs, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Ciprofol versus propofol and the risk of hemodynamic adverse events: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- RemimazolamPeerJ · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence and predictors of postoperative delirium following remimazolam administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 randomized trials.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- Association of remimazolam with delirium and cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia or procedural sedation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Comparison of anesthetic effects of different sedative drugs combined with remifentanil for general anesthesia in bronchoscopy: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Comparative sedative effects of intravenous etomidate/fentanyl/midazolam versus propofol/fentanyl/midazolam combination for dental treatment of uncooperative children: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Seizure adequacy and safety of remimazolam in electroconvulsive therapy for patients with psychiatric disorders: a double-blind randomized crossover trial.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Median effective dose (EDBMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Isobolographic Analysis of the Interaction Between Remimazolam and Etomidate in General Anesthesia Induction: A Prospective, Sequential Allocation Study Based on the Dixon Up-and-Down Method.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- The effect of remimazolam combined with low-dose propofol on diaphragmatic function in patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery: a randomized clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- A randomized trial evaluating hemodynamics during minor hepatectomy under general anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia: remimazolam versus propofol.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Remimazolam and propofol combination in ischemic cerebrovascular disease endovascular treatment: a randomized study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effects of Remimazolam-Propofol Anesthesia on Recovery and Sleep Quality in Older Adult Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Determination of the 90% Effective Dose of Remimazolam Continuous Infusion for Preventing Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Adenoidectomy or Adenotonsillectomy with Sevoflurane: A Biased Coin Up-and-Down Sequential Trial Design.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Cerebellar Electrical Activity as a Marker for Predicting Brain Health and Disease: A Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Midazolam Exerts Sedative Effects by Differentially Modulating Cortical Pyramidal Neurons and PV Interneurons.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Alfaxalone-Based Anesthetic Combinations to Minimize Anesthesia-Induced Transient Lens Opacity in Rats (Rattus norvegicus).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- Effect of IV midazolam premedication before anesthesia on post-recovery outcomes in orthognathic surgery: a double blind randomized clinical trial.The Saudi dental journal · 2026Article
- NUFIP1-engineered exosomes modulate propofol-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal rats via the ERS apoptotic pathway.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Abietic Acid Enhances the Sedative Activity of Diazepam: In vivo Approach along with Receptor Binding Affinity and Molecular Interaction with the GABAergic System.ChemistryOpen · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors are constituents of many inhibitory synapses within the central nervous system. They are formed by 5 subunits out of 19 various subunits: α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, δ, ε, θ, π, and ρ1-3. Two main subtypes of GABA receptors have been identified, namely GABAA and GABAB. The GABAA receptor (GABAAR) is formed by a variety of combinations of five subunits, although both α and β subunits must be included to produce a GABA-gated ion channel. Other subunits are γ, δ, ε, π, and ϴ. GABAAR has many isoforms, that dictate, among other properties, their differing affinities and conductance. Drugs acting on GABAAR form the cornerstone of anesthesia and sedation practice. Some such GABAAR agonists used in anesthesia practice are propofol, etomidate, methohexital, thiopental, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. Ketamine, nitrous oxide, and xenon are not GABAR agonists and instead inhibit glutamate receptors-mainly NMDA receptors. Inspite of its many drawbacks such as pain in injection, quick and uncontrolled conversion from sedation to general anesthesia and dose-related cardiovascular depression, propofol remains the most popular GABAR agonist employed by anesthesia providers. In addition, being formulated in a lipid emulsion, contamination and bacterial growth is possible. Literature is rife with newer propofol formulations, aiming to address many of these drawbacks, and with some degree of success. A nonemulsion propofol formulation has been developed with cyclodextrins, which form inclusion complexes with drugs having lipophilic properties while maintaining aqueous solubility. Inhalational anesthetics are also GABA agonists. The binding sites are primarily located within α
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.