ArticleJAC-antimicrobial resistance2024
Evaluation of antibiotics returned for safe disposal during and after a community pharmacy antibiotic amnesty campaign.
Article in JAC-antimicrobial resistance, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unused and expired medicines waste in Ireland - an audit of medicines returned to and generated in community pharmacies.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- From medicine cabinets to ecosystems: a Europe-wide assessment of household pharmaceutical waste disposal practices.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Household Knowledge of Clinical Risks, Storage, and Disposal of Leftover Antibiotics: A Multinational Study in Seven Developing Countries.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among Healthcare Workers in Monrovia, Liberia: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2025Article
- Medication non-adherence as a driver of pharmaceutical waste: integrating top-down policies with bottom-up practice.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Community pharmacies in England offer convenient and safe disposal of unwanted medicines, including antimicrobials, and better uptake of this service could limit environmental antimicrobial resistance. However, there is limited information on the extent and nature of antibiotic returns to community pharmacies. The impact of an antibiotic amnesty campaign promoting antibiotic disposal through community pharmacies was evaluated with the intention of collecting detailed information on the antibiotics returned. Methods: An antibiotic amnesty campaign was delivered by community pharmacies in the Midlands (England) with an audit of returned antibiotics conducted in 19 community pharmacies in Leicestershire. Detailed information on antibiotics returned for disposal was gathered during the month-long amnesty campaign and again 3 months later in the same pharmacies. Results: Antibiotics accounted for 3.12%-3.35% of all returned medicines. The amnesty campaign led to a significant increase in defined daily doses of returned antibiotics compared to the post-amnesty period ( Conclusions: Antibiotic conversations can increase the amount of antibiotics returned to community pharmacies for safe disposal, and passive campaign materials had limited impact. More research is needed to identify the most effective interventions to increase returns.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.