An Effective Computational Method for Predicting Self-Interacting Proteins Based on VGGNet Convolutional Neural Network and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix.

Introduction: Predicting Self-interacting proteins (SIPs) is a crucial area of research in predicting protein functions, as well as in understanding gene-disease and disease-drug associations. These interactions are integral to numerous cellular processes and play pivotal roles within cells. However, traditional methods for identifying SIPs through biological experiments are often expensive, time-consuming, and have long cycles. Therefore, the development of effective computational methods for accurately predicting SIPs is not only necessary but also presents a significant challenge. Results: In this research, we introduce a novel computational prediction technique, VGGNGLCM, which leverages protein sequence data. This method integrates the VGGNet deep convolutional neural network (VGGN) with the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) to detect Self-interacting proteins associations. Specifically, we initially utilized Position Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM) to capture protein evolutionary information and integrated key features from PSSM using GLCM. We then employed VGGNet as a predictive classifier, leveraging its capabilities for powerful learning and classification prediction. Subsequently, the extracted features were input into the VGGNet deep convolutional neural network to identify Self-interacting proteins. To evaluate the performance of the VGGNGLCM model, we conducted experiments using yeast and human datasets, achieving average accuracies of 95.68% and 97.72% respectively. Additionally, we compared the prediction performance of the VGGNet classifier with that of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the state-of-the-art Support Vector Machine (SVM) using the same feature extraction method. We also compared the prediction ability of VGGNGLCM with other existing approaches. The comparison results further demonstrate the superior performance of VGGNGLCM over other prediction models in this domain. Conclusion: The experimental verification further strengthens the evidence that VGGNGLCM is effective and robust compared to existing methods. It also highlights the high accuracy and robustness of the VGGNGLCM model in predicting Self-interacting proteins (SIPs). Consequently, we believe that the VGGNGLCM method serves as a valuable computational tool and can catalyze extensive bioinformatics research related to SIPs prediction.