Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39463287›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of heart failure2025

Trends in heart failure mortality in Sweden between 1997 and 2022.

Felix Lindberg, Lina Benson, Ulf Dahlström, Lars H Lund, Gianluigi Savarese

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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of heart failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Hypertension: a missing piece in HFpEF?Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Felix LindbergDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lina BensonDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ulf DahlströmDepartment of Cardiology and Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Lars H LundDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Gianluigi SavareseDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-0887

Funding

HjärtLung Uppsala, Länsföreningen 20220680
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsData from US have shown a reversal in the improvement of heart failure (HF)-related mortality over the last ~10 years. It is unknown whether these trends generalize to European universal healthcare systems. We assessed temporal trends in (i) HF-related mortality in the overall national population; and (ii) all-cause mortality following an incident HF diagnosis, overall and stratified by ejection fraction (EF), in Sweden between 1997 and 2022. METHODS AND

resultsAnnual mortality rates with a HF diagnosis as underlying cause were extracted from the Cause of Death Register. All-cause mortality following incident HF was assessed in two HF cohorts derived from the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Swedish HF Registry (SwedeHF). Temporal trends were presented as average annual percentage change (AAPC). Between 1997 and 2022, age-adjusted HF-related mortality in the general population declined from 33.4 to 23.8 per 100 000 individuals (AAPC -2.15%, p < 0.001). In the HF cohort from NPR (n = 423 092), all-cause mortality at 1, 3, and 5 years following a first diagnosis of HF was 25%, 46%, and 58%, respectively, in 2022; 1-year mortality declined (AAPC -1.10%, p < 0.001) over time regardless of age or sex. In SwedeHF (n = 63 753), the decline in 1-year mortality was less steep with increasing EF (AAPC -2.64%, p < 0.001; -2.30%, p = 0.062; and -2.16%, p = 0.032 in EF <40%, 40-49%, and ≥50%, respectively).

conclusionsHeart failure-related mortality has declined over the last ~25 years in Sweden. All-cause mortality in patients with HF has also declined, more in HF with reduced than preserved EF, mirroring the different availability of life-saving treatments across the EF spectrum.

Indexed as

Heart FailureRegistriesStroke VolumeAgedAged, 80 and overCause of DeathFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMortalitySurvival RateSwedenEpidemiologyHeart failureMortalityOutcomesTemporal trends

Identifiers

PMID39463287
PMCPMC11860728

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.