ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2024
Association of modifiable risk factors with progression to dementia in relation to amyloid and tau pathology.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Social and Cardiovascular Risk Factors as Predictors of the Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia in a Large EHR Database.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Impact of Cognitive Reserve in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Peripheral blood biomarkers and mild behavioral impairment in mild cognitive impairment: Clinical correlations and mechanistic insights.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Modifiable risk factor profiles moderate the effect of β-amyloid pathology on cognition in aging.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- Enhancing dementia prediction: A 19-year validation of the CAIDE risk score with insulin resistance and APOE ε4 integration in a population-based cohort.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDementia preventive interventions targeting multiple modifiable risk factors are a promising approach. However, the impact of modifiable risk factors in the presence of beta-amyloid or phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) pathology is unclear.
methodsThe objective of the study was to examine the role of modifiable risk factors (vascular factors, depression, and smoking) in the progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia among 434 cognitively unimpaired (CU) and 611 individuals with MCI from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Vascular risk factors were summarized with the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) score, dichotomized into higher versus lower risk. Depression and smoking (yes/no) were categorised according to medical history or current symptoms. Analyses were stratified by beta-amyloid negative (A-) and positive (A +), p-tau negative (T-) and positive (T +), or beta-amyloid and p-tau negative (A-T-) and positive (A + T +) biomarker status. Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for age, sex, education, baseline MMSE score, baseline hippocampal volume and ApoE4 carrier status.
resultsHigher CAIDE score was associated with increased risk of progression to all-cause dementia in most MCI subgroups: adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) [95% CI] were 3.1 [1.43; 6.53] in the A- subgroup, 1.7 [1.20-2.27] in T + , 2.6 [1.06-6.59] in A-T-, and 1.6 [1.15-2.22] in the A + T + subgroup. Smoking (yes/no) was associated with increased dementia aHR in the A + MCI subgroup: 1.6 [1.07-2.34]. Depression increased dementia aHR in the T + MCI subgroup: 1.5 [1.06-2.02]. No significant associations were found in the CU biomarker subgroups.
conclusionAddressing modifiable risk factors carries an important potential for reducing the risk of dementia even after the onset of Alzheimer's pathology. Knowledge of biomarker status can further optimize prevention strategies.
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