ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2025
Developmental eye movement test results of Hebrew-speaking children with cross-linguistic comparisons.
Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test in Adults: Age-Related Changes and Italian Normative Data.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Developmental eye movement test results of Hebrew-speaking children with cross-linguistic comparisons.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
introduction and purposeThe developmental eye movement (DEM) test is designed to assess saccadic eye movements and visual-verbal automaticity in children. This study aimed to assess whether there is a need for independent DEM Hebrew norms and to compare DEM results for Hebrew-speaking children with eight other language norms.
methodsThe DEM test was administered to 224 Hebrew-speaking children aged 6-13 years who met the inclusion criteria and read the numbers in Hebrew. Test C of the DEM was performed twice, once from right (R) to left (L) and once from L to R, in random order. Age group and language comparisons, including vertical and horizontal reading speeds, errors and horizontal/vertical (H/V) ratios in both directions were analysed.
resultsThe participants were almost evenly distributed between the sexes (46.8% female). Statistically significant differences were found between age groups (6-9 and 10-13 years) for vertical and horizontal reading speeds and H/V ratios in both directions (p < 0.001). Older children, as compared to younger children, exhibited faster vertical and horizontal times, with fewer errors, as well as lower ratios (p < 0.001). No significant difference was noted between reading directions for horizontal time and H/V ratio within both age groups (6-9 year olds: p = 0.27 and p = 0.06; 10-13 year olds: p = 0.89 and p = 0.49, respectively). Comparison of DEM norms across languages showed significant differences, with post-hoc analysis revealing specific language-related variations. DEM results for Hebrew-speaking children had similar outcomes to both original English and French values.
conclusionsThis study compared DEM results of Hebrew-speaking children and scores across nine languages. DEM test values for Hebrew-speaking children aligned with norms from other languages, particularly the French and original English norms, with consistent ratio scores. It is recommended for practitioners who test Hebrew-speaking children to continue using the original English norms and to enable the children to read using their preferred reading direction.
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