ArticleVaccines2024
Pertussis Outbreak During 2023 in Gipuzkoa, North Spain.
Article in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antimicrobial resistance inEpidemiology and infection · 2026Pooled it
- Bordetella Pertussis in Children: A Retrospective Analysis of the Clinical Impact and the Role of Vaccination.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A role for genomics-based studies of Bordetella pertussis adaptation.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPertussis has re-emerged in many countries despite the wide use of vaccines for over 60 years. During 2023, we observed an increase in the incidence of pertussis in Gipuzkoa, north of Spain (with a population of 657,140 inhabitants), mainly affecting children between 11 and 15 years of age.
methodsThis study included all confirmed cases diagnosed by PCR in nasopharyngeal swab samples. The genome of seven isolates collected in 2023 was sequenced.
resultsBetween 2018 and 2023, 884 cases of whooping cough were diagnosed. Pertussis incidence (in cases per 100,000 inhabitants) decreased from 36.7 in 2018 to no cases in 2021, increasing again to 56.8 in 2023. In 2023, the age group of 11-15 years old had the highest incidence rate of 409.3. Only 2 of the 56 children < 6 years old required hospitalization, and there were no deaths. The seven isolates collected in 2023 showed the same BPagST-4 (
conclusionsImmunity waning after the last dose of vaccination at 6 years old, together with the lack of circulation of
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