ArticleVaccines2024
Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Bivalent Vaccine for Combined Prophylaxis of COVID-19 and Influenza in Non-Human Primates.
Article in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Live Attenuated Influenza Virus as a Vector for Multivalent T-Cell Vaccines: Targeting RSV, hMPV, and PIV3.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Innovations, Challenges, and Future Prospects for Combination Vaccines Against Human Infections.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Progress in combination vaccines and the co-administration of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses are two highly variable pathogens. We have developed a candidate bivalent live vaccine based on the strain of licensed A/Leningrad/17-based cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) of H3N2 subtype, which expressed SARS-CoV-2 immunogenic T-cell epitopes. A cassette encoding fragments of S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 was inserted into the influenza NA gene using the P2A autocleavage site. In this study, we present the results of preclinical evaluation of the developed bivalent vaccine in a non-human primate model.
methodsRhesus macaques (
resultsThere was no toxic effect of the immunizations on the hematological and coagulation hemostasis of animals. No difference in the dynamics of the average weight and thermometry results were found between the groups of animals. Both LAIV and LAIV/CoV-2 variants poorly replicated in the upper respiratory tract of rhesus macaques. Nevertheless, despite this low level of virus shedding, influenza-specific serum IgG responses were detected in the group of monkeys immunized with the LAIV/CoV-2 bivalent but not in the LAIV group. Furthermore, T-cell responses to both influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses were detected in the LAIV/CoV-2 vaccine group only. The animals were generally resistant to SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with minimal virus shedding in the placebo and LAIV groups. Histopathological changes in vaccinated animals were decreased compared to the PBS group, suggesting a protective effect of the chimeric vaccine candidate.
conclusionsThe candidate bivalent vaccine was safe and immunogenic for non-human primates and warrants its further evaluation in clinical trials.
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Registered trials
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