Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39458286›Full record

ReviewMicroorganisms2024

Antibiotic Resistance in the Elderly: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Solutions.

Nikolaos Theodorakis, Georgios Feretzakis, Christos Hitas, Magdalini Kreouzi, Sofia Kalantzi, Aikaterini Spyridaki, Iris Zoe Boufeas, Aikaterini Sakagianni, Evgenia Paxinou, Vassilios S Verykios and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Microorganisms, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Antimicrobial Resistance Under a Changing Climate.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2026
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  4. Article
  5. Observational
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  7. Article
  8. ASP-COMPLEX: redefining antimicrobial stewardship to improve outcomes in high-risk patients with severe infections.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Nikolaos TheodorakisDepartment of Cardiology, 65+ Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.
Georgios FeretzakisSchool of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 18 Aristotelous Str., 26335 Patras, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3597-1187
Christos HitasDepartment of Cardiology, 65+ Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.
Magdalini KreouziDepartment of Internal Medicine, 65+ Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.
Sofia KalantziDepartment of Internal Medicine, 65+ Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.
Aikaterini SpyridakiDepartment of Internal Medicine, 65+ Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.
Iris Zoe BoufeasBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 64 Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK.
Aikaterini SakagianniIntensive Care Unit, Sismanogelio General Hospital, 37 Sismanogleiou Str., 15126 Marousi, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3199-9158
Evgenia PaxinouSchool of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 18 Aristotelous Str., 26335 Patras, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-9910-8569
Vassilios S VerykiosSchool of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 18 Aristotelous Str., 26335 Patras, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-9758-0819
Maria NikolaouDepartment of Cardiology, 65+ Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2481-5936

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance presents a critical challenge in healthcare, particularly among the elderly, where multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) contribute to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying resistance in key bacterial pathogens and highlights how aging-related factors like immunosenescence, frailty, and multimorbidity increase the burden of infections from MDROs in this population. Novel strategies to mitigate resistance include the development of next-generation antibiotics like teixobactin and cefiderocol, innovative therapies such as bacteriophage therapy and antivirulence treatments, and the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs to optimize antibiotic use. Furthermore, advanced molecular diagnostic techniques, including nucleic acid amplification tests and next-generation sequencing, allow for faster and more precise identification of resistant pathogens. Vaccine development, particularly through innovative approaches like multi-epitope vaccines and nanoparticle-based platforms, holds promise in preventing MDRO infections among the elderly. The role of machine learning (ML) in predicting resistance patterns and aiding in vaccine and antibiotic development is also explored, offering promising solutions for personalized treatment and prevention strategies in the elderly. By integrating cutting-edge diagnostics, therapeutic innovations, and ML-based approaches, this review underscores the importance of multidisciplinary efforts to address the global challenge of antibiotic resistance in aging populations.

Indexed as

agingantibiotic resistanceantimicrobialsantimicrobial stewardshipelderlyimmunosenescenceinfectious diseasesmachine learningmultidrug-resistant organismsvaccinations

Identifiers

PMID39458286
PMCPMC11509523

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.