Observational studyGenes2024
Whole Exome Sequencing and Panel-Based Analysis in 176 Spanish Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Intellectual Disability/Global Developmental Delay.
Observational study in Genes, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnostic and clinical utility of exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray in children with GDD/iD: a meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Diagnostic Yield of Whole Exome Sequencing in Autism Spectrum Disorder Patients at a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Genetic architecture of patients with autism spectrum disorder - data analysis based on the literature review.BMC medical genomics · 2026Review
- Genetic testing and analysis of 1024 children with global developmental delay or intellectual disability: a single-center cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Identification of Novel Co-OccurringThe application of clinical genetics · 2026Article
- Monogenic defects in Russian children with autism spectrum disorders.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) represent a significant challenge in pediatric genetics, often requiring advanced diagnostic tools for the accurate identification of genetic variants.
objectivesTo determine the diagnostic yield of whole exome sequencing (WES) with targeted gene panels in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
methodsThis observational, prospective study included a total of 176 Spanish-speaking pediatric patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), encompassing intellectual disability (ID), global developmental delay (GDD), and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants were recruited from January 2019 to January 2023 at a University Hospital in Madrid, Spain. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were recorded, along with genetic study results. The age range of the subjects was 9 months to 16 years, and the percentage of males was 72.1%. The diagnostic yield of whole exome sequencing (WES) was calculated both before and after parental testing via Sanger DNA sequencing.
resultsThe study included 176 children: 67 (38.1%) with ID, 62 (35.2%) with ASD, and 47 (26.7%) with ASD + ID. The diagnostic yield of proband-only exome sequencing was 12.5% (22/176). By group, the diagnostic yield of proband-only exome sequencing was 3.2% in the ASD, 12.7% in the ASD + ID, and 20.8% in the ID group. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were found in 39.8% (70/176). After parental testing, some variants were reclassified as "likely pathogenic", increasing the diagnostic yield by 4.6%, with an overall diagnostic yield of 17.1%. Diagnostic yield was higher in patients with syndromic ID (70.6%% vs. 29.4%;
conclusionsA sequential approach utilizing WES followed by panel-based analysis, starting with the index case and, when appropriate, including the parents, proves to be a cost-effective strategy. WES is particularly suitable for complex conditions, as it allows for the identification of potentially causative genes beyond those covered by targeted panels, providing a more comprehensive analysis. Including parental testing enhances the diagnostic yield and improves accuracy, especially in cases with variants of uncertain significance (VUS), thereby advancing our understanding of NDDs.
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