ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Clinical Effectiveness of Biological Immunomodulators in SARS-CoV-2-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Systematic Review.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and Validation of Multivariable Machine-Learning Models for the Prediction of Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome Outcomes in Latin American Children.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Observational
- MIS-C: Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Progress on diagnosis and treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Clinical Effectiveness of Biological Immunomodulators in SARS-CoV-2-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough there is consensus to use immunoglobulins and corticosteroids as first-line treatments for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), the effectiveness of biological immunomodulators in patients refractory to standard therapy remains unclear. We aimed to outline real-world data on biological immunomodulators.
methodA literature search using Ovid-Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane CDSR, and KMBASE was conducted from September 2021 to August 2022; certainty of evidence was assessed via GRADE.
resultsAmong 258 studies, 10 were selected for analysis, of which 2 were observational studies (with control groups receiving standard therapy of either intravenous immunoglobulins and/or glucocorticoids) and 8 were single-arm studies. In all, 145 patients were treated with biological immunomodulators (anakinra (72; 49%) or infliximab (65; 44%)). In the first observational study, patients in the anakinra group initially exhibited a lower left ventricular ejection fraction than those in the control group. In the second study, patients in the infliximab group required less additional therapy and showed lower newly developed left ventricular dysfunction rate and reduced C-reactive protein levels. The clinical outcomes associated with each biological agent in single-arm studies were not reported individually.
conclusionsBiological immunomodulators are feasible therapeutic options for refractory MIS-C. Nevertheless, further research is warranted to demonstrate clinical efficacy.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.