ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) Increases Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Activities and Ameliorates Depressive Behaviors in Mice.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Preliminary Open-Label Pilot Study of a Pillow-Based ELF-ELME (Extremely Low-Frequency, Extremely Low Magnetic Environment) Intervention for Major Depressive Disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Trial
- Article
- Coenzyme Q10 protects against 6 GHz electromagnetic field-induced liver injury via suppression of inflammatory responses associated with NF-κB/p65 immunoreactivity and endoplasmic reticulum stress.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Transcranial microtesla magnetic fields suppress neuroinflammation and neuronal oxidative stress burden.iScience · 2026Article
- Remote stimulation of mitochondria and the antioxidant potential of thymocytes by weak non-ionizing non-thermal broadband pulsed electromagnetic fields in mouse.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Resonant Convergence: An Integrative Model for Electromagnetic Interactions in Biological Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Effects on Intrinsically Disordered Proteins and Their Role in Aging and Neurodegeneration.Journal of biomedical science and engineering · 2025Article
- Adaptations in Mitochondrial Function Induced by Exercise: A Therapeutic Route for Treatment-Resistant Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Molecular Links Between Metabolism and Mental Health: Integrative Pathways from GDF15-Mediated Stress Signaling to Brain Energy Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) enhances mitochondrial energy production in NARP cybrids.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Neurostimulation devices to treat Alzheimer's disease.Exploration of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Treatment on ASD Symptoms in Children: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Compromised mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activities are associated with depression in humans and rodents. However, the effects of the enhancement of mitochondrial ETC activities on depression remain elusive. We recently reported that an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) of as low as 10 μT induced hormetic activation of mitochondrial ETC complexes in human/mouse cultured cells and mouse livers. Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) for 10 consecutive days caused behavioral defects mimicking depression in mice, and using an ELF-EMF for two to six weeks ameliorated them. CSDS variably decreased the mitochondrial ETC proteins in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in 10 days, which were increased by an ELF-EMF in six weeks. CSDS had no effect on the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in the PFC in 10 days, but using an ELF-EMF for six weeks enhanced it. CSDS inactivated SOD2 by enhancing its acetylation and increased lipid peroxidation in the PFC. In contrast, the ELF-EMF activated the Sirt3-FoxO3a-SOD2 pathway and suppressed lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, CSDS increased markers for mitophagy, which was suppressed by the ELF-EMF in six weeks. The ELF-EMF exerted beneficial hormetic effects on mitochondrial energy production, mitochondrial antioxidation, and mitochondrial dynamics in a mouse model of depression. We envisage that an ELF-EMF is a promising therapeutic option for depression.
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