Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39455950›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2024

Assessing the role of the for-profit private healthcare sector in malaria elimination efforts in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study of challenges and opportunities.

Mohammad Shafiul Alam, Md Jahangir Alam, Mohammad Sharif Hossain, Mohammad Abdul Matin, Ching Swe Phru, Anamul Hasan, Md Mushfiqur Rahman, Md Mosiqure Rahaman, Md Nazrul Islam, Shyamol Kumer Das and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Mohammad Shafiul AlamInfectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh. shafiul@icddrb.org.
Md Jahangir AlamWorld Health Organization, Country Office for Bangladesh, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Sharif HossainInfectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Abdul MatinInfectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Ching Swe PhruInfectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Anamul HasanInfectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Mushfiqur RahmanNational Malaria Elimination Program, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Mosiqure RahamanNational Malaria Elimination Program, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Nazrul IslamNational Malaria Elimination Program, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Shyamol Kumer DasNational Malaria Elimination Program, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
M M AktaruzzamanDirectorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sheikh Daud AdnanDirectorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Nazmul IslamDirectorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Anupama HazarikaWorld Health Organization, Country Office for Bangladesh, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh. hazarikaa@who.int.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAmong 13 endemic districts, the Chittagong Hill Tracts bear more than 90% of Bangladesh's malaria burden. Despite the private sector's prominence in rural healthcare, its role in malaria management remains underutilized. This study aimed to strategize leveraging the for-profit private sector, such as diagnostic and treatment centers, to bolster national malaria surveillance and control, advancing Bangladesh toward malaria elimination by 2030.

methodsThis mixed-method study commenced with a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey followed by selected focused group discussions (FGDs) among the participants. Three FGDs were held with the for-profit service providers so that further insights and qualitative viewpoints of them can be utilized in situation analysis. Based on the endemicity and strategic priorities, a comprehensive mapping of private for-profit facilities from the regions comprising 15 sub-districts across 8 chosen districts (7 malaria endemic districts and the rest non-endemic districts) was created. For the non-endemic zone, the sub-districts were selected based on their proximity to an area with high malaria transmission.

resultsAmong the 104 representative participants, majority were male (n = 92, 88.5%), had a diploma in their respective fields (n = 53, 51%) and were involved either in laboratory work (n = 49, 47.1%) or as owners/managers of health centers (n = 41, 39.4%). The selected health facilities were close to the corresponding Upazila Health Complexes (mean distance 2.8 km), but were distantly located from the designated district hospitals (mean distance 48.9 km). The main sources of RDT kits (62.3%) and anti-malarial drugs (63.2%) were local wholesale markets. A large share of the corresponding facilities neither provided malaria treatment services (81.7%) nor worked with the NMEP (93.3%).

conclusionsThis study highlights challenges and recommendations for engaging private for-profit health facilities in Bangladesh's malaria elimination efforts. The identified challenges include low-quality RDTs, staff shortages, and inadequate capacity building. Recommendations emphasize effective training, stakeholder interaction, and enhanced oversight for successful malaria control efforts.

Indexed as

MalariaPrivate SectorAdultBangladeshCross-Sectional StudiesDisease EradicationFemaleFocus GroupsHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesBangladeshFor-profitMalariaMalaria eliminationPrivate sector

Identifiers

PMID39455950
PMCPMC11515243

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.