ArticleBMC cancer2024
Identification of molecular subtypes based on bile acid metabolism in cholangiocarcinoma.
Article in BMC cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bile acid signaling in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Targeting the Human Gut Microbiota-Between Conventional Therapy and Precision Genetic Engineering.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Integrative Sequencing and Proteogenomic Approaches to Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Cholangiocarcinoma: Implications for Precision Diagnosis and Therapy.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Involvement of bile acids in cholangiocarcinoma progressionWorld journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- From PD-1/PD-L1 to tertiary lymphoid structures: Paving the way for precision immunotherapy in cholangiocarcinoma treatment.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Single-cell multi-omics in biliary tract cancers: decoding heterogeneity, microenvironment, and treatment strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Metabolic collusion driving immune evasion in cholangiocarcinoma: unmasking the dual control of the immuno-metabolic microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Gut-ovary axis in polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanistic insights and gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Targeting the gut-liver axis in cholangiocarcinoma: mechanisms, therapeutic advances, and future directions.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCholangiocarcinoma is a highly heterogeneous tumor with bile acid metabolism involving in its development. The aim of this study was to characterize bile acid metabolism and identify specific subtypes to better stratify cholangiocarcinoma patients for individualized treatment and prognostic assessment.
methodsA total of 30 bile acids were quantified using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Using Consensus clustering, the molecular subtypes related to bile acid metabolism were identified. The prognosis, clinicopathologic characteristics, immune landscape, and therapeutic response were compared between these subtypes. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis and preliminary cell experiment were also conducted to verify our findings.
resultsThe altered bile acid profile and genetic variation of bile acid metabolism-related genes in cholangiocarcinoma were demonstrated. The cholangiocarcinoma was categorized into bile acid metabolism-active and -inactive subtypes with different prognoses, clinicopathologic characteristics, tumor microenvironments (TME) and therapeutic responses. This categorization was reproducible and predictable. Specifically, the bile acid metabolism-active subtype showed a poor prognosis with an immunosuppressive microenvironment and an inactive response to immunotherapy, while the bile acid metabolism-inactive subtype showed the opposite characteristics. Moreover, the scRNA-seq revealed that immunotherapy altered bile acid metabolism in TME of cholangiocarcinoma. Finally, a prognostic signature related to bile acid metabolism was developed, which exhibited strong power for prognostic assessment of cholangiocarcinoma. Consistently, these results were verified by immunohistochemistry, cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis assays.
conclusionIn conclusion, a novel cholangiocarcinoma classification based on bile acid metabolism was established. This classification was significant for the estimation of TME and prognosis.
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