ArticleNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Biodegradation of Heterogeneous Industrial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages.
Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanodiamonds Co-Localize withPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Applications of Conductive Biomaterials in Spinal Cord Injury Repair.Biomaterials research · 2026Review
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Industrial multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ig-MWCNTs) make up the majority of carbon nanomaterials, and human contact with them is the most probable. At the same time, the biodegradation of ig-MWCNTs by phagocytes has not been studied-existing articles consider mainly laboratory-grade/functionalized MWCNTs (l-MWCNTs), in contrast to which ig-MWCNTs are a highly heterogeneous nanomaterial in terms of morphological and physicochemical characteristics. The aim of the present study was to analyze ig-MWCNTs' biodegradation by proinflammatory macrophages. We focused on both extra- and intracellular ig-MWCNTs' degradation. We analyzed biodegradation of two different types of ig-MWCNTs by human (THP-1) and murine (RAW264.7) macrophages. After 10 days of incubation, we studied nanoparticle localization within cells; isolated intra- and extracellular ig-MWCNTs were used for quantitative analysis. Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis were performed using transmission electron microscopy; electron diffraction was used for nanotube identification. To estimate chemical alterations, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used. The study showed that both intra- and extracellular ig-MWCNTs undergo almost complete biodegradation, but in different ways: intracellular nanotubes become perforated and reduce to graphene flakes, while extracellular become thinner. We believe that the demonstrated variability in the destruction of ig-MWCNTs by cells suggests the possibility of creating nanomaterials with controlled biodegradation properties.
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