FOBism Unveiled: Quantifying Assimilative Racism within Asians in the United States.

Kenneth T Wang, Seong-Hyeon Kim, Juliet K Wang, Katelyn J Wang, Helen H Jun, Daniel D Lee

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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kenneth T WangFuller Theological Seminary, School of Psychology & Marriage and Family Therapy, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7720-2431

Seong-Hyeon KimFuller Theological Seminary, School of Psychology & Marriage and Family Therapy, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3228-2271

Juliet K WangSchool of Film and Television, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9649-824X

Katelyn J WangDepartment of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2853-8123

Helen H JunFuller Theological Seminary, School of Psychology & Marriage and Family Therapy, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.

Daniel D LeeFuller Theological Seminary, School of Mission & Theology, Pasadena, CA 91182, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

FOB (fresh-off-the-boat) is a term used to refer to unassimilated immigrants or sojourners, which has created a divide within the Asian community. In this study, we coined the term FOBism, a form of internalized racism (or appropriated racial oppression) that intersects with assimilation, and we developed a measure of FOBism. We created a 14-item, 3-factor FOBism Scale and evaluated its psychometric properties among a sample of 296 Asians in the United States. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was utilized to select items and evaluate the factorial validity. Results yielded a strong factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity. Construct validity was demonstrated through FOBism scores' positive correlations with measures of within-group discrimination and internalized racism, and negative associations with an Asian cultural orientation. The FOBism Scale is a promising measure that could be used as an assessment tool and to raise awareness of the phenomenon.

Indexed as

Asian AmericanFOBinternalized racismpsychometric evaluationscale development

Identifiers

PMID39452179

DOI10.3390/ejihpe14100184

PMCPMC11506867

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.