ReviewBrain sciences2024
Neurofeedback Training Protocols in Sports: A Systematic Review of Recent Advances in Performance, Anxiety, and Emotional Regulation.
Review in Brain sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effect of Different Psychological Interventions on Athletes' Competitive Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of EEG neurofeedback and training interventions on golf putting performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Psychological variables of crossFit participants: an up-to-date systematic review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of biofeedback training on athletes' mental health and performance: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Optimizing Session Frequency in EEG Biofeedback: A Comparative Study of Protocol Dynamics and Neuromuscular Adaptation in Elite Judo Athletes.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Trial
- Artificial Intelligence and Psychophysiological Monitoring for Integrated Performance Modeling in Elite Soccer: A Scoping Review of Applications, Evidence Gaps, and Translational Challenges.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Effects of Neurofeedback Training on Sustained Attention, Inhibition of Return, and Performance Under Pressure in National-Team Shooters.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Article
- Neurofeedback in Football: A Systematic Review of Cognitive, Technical, Physical and Psychological Outcomes.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- Suppressing Non-Stationary Motion Artefacts in Mobile EEG Using Generalized Eigenvalue Decomposition.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neurocognitive and Autonomic Signatures of Performance Under Motivational Stress: An Integrated Psychophysiological Analysis of Reward and Punishment in Shooting Performance.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Neural Efficiency and Sensorimotor Adaptations in Swimming Athletes: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and Cognitive-Behavioral Evidence for Performance and Wellbeing.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Integrative psychological interventions for stress regulation in sport: a mini-review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Post-competition psychological recovery in elite adolescent athletes: a technology-scaffolded perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Neurofeedback as an emerging rehabilitation strategy for Parkinson's disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- EEG-Based Neurofeedback in Athletes and Non-Athletes: A Scoping Review of Outcomes and Methodologies.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mapping EEG Metrics to Human Affective and Cognitive Models: An Interdisciplinary Scoping Review from a Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Neuroplasticity-Based Approaches to Sensory Processing Alterations in Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Psychophysiological and Dual-Task Effects of Biofeedback and Neurofeedback Interventions in Airforce Pilots: A Pilot Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Amateurs exhibit greater psychomotor efficiency than novices: evidence from EEG during a visuomotor task.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
(1) Background. Neurofeedback has been used in sports since the 1990s, frequently showing positive outcomes in enhancing athletic performance. This systematic review provides an updated analysis of neurofeedback training in sports, evaluating reaction time, cognitive performance, and emotional regulation to address literature gaps and suggest future research directions. (2) Methods. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases for articles published from January 2016 to April 2023. The search included only original articles written in English, resulting in 24 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. (3) Results. The reviewed studies cover a wide range of sports, including golf, basketball, swimming, rifle shooting, football, volleyball, athletics, judo, ice hockey, triathlon, handball, fencing, taekwondo, and darts. They involved athletes of varying experience levels (beginners, professionals, and experts) and utilized neurofeedback training targeting different frequency bands (alpha, beta, theta, and SMR), either individually or in mixed protocols. Findings show improvements in sports and cognitive performance, emotional regulation, and anxiety management. (4) Conclusions. This systematic review supports the effectiveness of neurofeedback in enhancing sports and cognitive performance across various disciplines and experience levels. Notable improvements were observed in technical skills, physical performance parameters, scoring, attention, concentration, reaction time, short-term and working memory, self-regulation, and cognitive anxiety. Future research should standardize protocols, include more diverse samples, and explore long-term effects to further validate these findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.