Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39451935›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Causal Hierarchy in the Financial Market Network-Uncovered by the Helmholtz-Hodge-Kodaira Decomposition.

Tobias Wand, Oliver Kamps, Hiroshi Iyetomi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. The Free Energy Principle and Free Markets.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Tobias WandInstitute of Theoretical Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 9, 48149 Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9391-1601
Oliver KampsCenter for Nonlinear Science, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0986-0878
Hiroshi IyetomiFaculty of Data Science, Rissho University, 1700 Magechi, Kumagaya 360-0194, Japan.

Funding

German National Academic Foundation n.a.Japan Society for the Promotion of Science SP24309
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Granger causality can uncover the cause-and-effect relationships in financial networks. However, such networks can be convoluted and difficult to interpret, but the Helmholtz-Hodge-Kodaira decomposition can split them into rotational and gradient components which reveal the hierarchy of the Granger causality flow. Using Kenneth French's business sector return time series, it is revealed that during the COVID crisis, precious metals and pharmaceutical products were causal drivers of the financial network. Moreover, the estimated Granger causality network shows a high connectivity during the crisis, which means that the research presented here can be especially useful for understanding crises in the market better by revealing the dominant drivers of crisis dynamics.

Indexed as

causal inferenceeconophysicsfinancial networksGranger causalityHelmholtz–Hodge

Identifiers

PMID39451935
PMCPMC11507571

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.