ReviewFrontiers in allergy2024
Probiotics and other adjuvants in allergen-specific immunotherapy for food allergy: a comprehensive review.
Review in Frontiers in allergy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Probiotics in Autoimmune Disease: Strain-specific Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Probiotics unveiled: bridging general health benefits to the era of precision medicine.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- How to Employ Trained Immunity and Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy for Food Allergy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Efficacy of Soy-Derived Bioactives: A Systematic Review of Nutritional Potency, Bioactive Therapeutics, and Clinical Biomarker Modulation.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Moving Beyond Desensitization to Tolerance in Food Allergy.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review delves into the potential of manipulating the microbiome to enhance oral tolerance in food allergy, focusing on food allergen-specific immunotherapy (FA-AIT) and the use of adjuvants, with a significant emphasis on probiotics. FA-AIT, including oral (OIT), sublingual (SLIT), and epicutaneous (EPIT) immunotherapy, has shown efficacy in desensitizing patients and achieving sustained unresponsiveness (SU). However, the long-term effectiveness and safety of FA-AIT are still under investigation. Probiotics, particularly strains of Lactobacillus, play a crucial role in enhancing immune tolerance by promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs) and modulating cytokine profiles. These probiotics can induce semi-mature dendritic cells, enhance CD40 expression, inhibit IL-4 and IL-5, and promote IL-10 and TGF-β, thus contributing to mucosal defense and immunological tolerance. Clinical trials combining probiotics with FA-AIT have demonstrated improved desensitization rates and immune tolerance in food-allergic patients. For example, the combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus with peanut OIT resulted in a significantly higher rate of SU compared to the placebo group, along with notable immune changes such as reduced peanut-specific IgE and increased IgG4 levels. The review also explores other adjuvants in FA-AIT, such as biologic drugs, which target specific immune pathways to improve treatment outcomes. Additionally, nanoparticles and herbal therapies like food allergy herbal formula 2 (FAHF-2) are discussed for their potential to enhance allergen delivery and immunogenicity, reduce adverse events, and improve desensitization. In conclusion, integrating probiotics and other adjuvants into FA-AIT protocols could significantly enhance the safety and efficacy of FA-AIT, leading to better patient outcomes and quality of life.
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