ArticleJournal of orthodontic science2024
Cephalometric differences in grades II and IV adenoid hypertrophy: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Journal of orthodontic science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesThis study aims to determine whether there were cephalometric changes between grades II and IV adenoid hypertrophy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 6-12-year-old patients selected from the ear, nose, and throat department at Imam Al-Hussein Medical City in Karbala. Patients were classified into three groups (each = 40) based on endoscopic findings: control, grade II, and grade IV. The findings were confirmed with cephalometric radiographs. Specific cephalometric points were identified to measure sella-nasion-point A (SNA), sella-nasion-point B (SNB), point A-nasion-point B (ANB), sella-nasion-pogonion (SNPog), sella nasion plane-palatal plane (SNPP), palatal plane-mandibular plane (PPMP), sella nasion plane-mandibular plane (SNMP), saddle, articular, gonial angles, and the
resultsAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) and Welch tests indicated statistically significant differences (
conclusionThe present study demonstrated that craniofacial changes start to occur at the moderate adenoid enlargement throughout the downward backward mandibular rotation. More changes would become evident at the severe stage; therefore, an urgent medical intervention and the establishment of nasal breathing by orthodontic treatment with breathing activity would be needed.
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