ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2024
Traumatic brain injury: molecular biomarkers, genetics, secondary consequences, and medical management.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Amantadine Attenuates Secondary Oxidative and Inflammatory Injury by Modulating the HIF-1α/BNIP3L/HMGB1 Axis in Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Inflammatory profiling for precision neurorehabilitation after traumatic brain injury and stroke: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Special Issue: Molecular Research in Epilepsy and Epileptogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity risk modeling based on transients in time series describing the autonomic nervous system and cerebral hemodynamics.Acta neurochirurgica · 2025Article
- A study on the association of apolipoprotein E with oxidative stress markers, neurological function, and cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The consequences of TBI can be severe even with repetitive mild trauma. If death and coma are avoided, the consequences of TBI in the long term typically involve dizziness, sleep disturbances, headache, seizures, cognitive impairment, focal deficits, depression, and anxiety. The severity of brain injury is a significant predictor of outcome. However, the heterogenous nature of the injury makes prognosis difficult. The present review of the literature focuses on the genetics of TBI including genome wide (GWAS) data and candidate gene associations, among them brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with TBI and development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). Molecular biomarkers of TBI are also discussed with a focus on proteins and the inflammatory protein IL1-β. The secondary medical sequela to TBI of cognitive impairment, PTE, headache and risk for neurodegenerative disorders is also discussed. This overview of TBI concludes with a review and discussion of the medical management of TBI and the medicines used for and being developed at the preclinical and clinical stages for the treatment of TBI and its host of life-debilitating symptoms.
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