ReviewNature reviews. Neuroscience2024
Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: historical challenges and emerging frontiers.
Review in Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Impact of Citicoline/Phosphatidylserine Supplementation on Cognitive Performance and Executive Functions in Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials.Human psychopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Transdiagnostic eye-tracking biomarkers of inattention across psychiatric disorders: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Executive functions as a transdiagnostic endophenotype in developmental psychopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Developmental deviations of association-network structural connectivity in youths with ADHD predict symptom and treatment outcomes.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Physical exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy for ADHD considering neurobiological mechanisms, cognitive benefits, and practical recommendations: a narrative review.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Dissociable EEG connectivity patterns reflect the latent general and specific dimensions of ADHD in children and adolescents.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Shared genetic architecture between ADHD and intelligence varies across ADHD subtypes.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Mapping ADHD Heterogeneity and Biotypes by Topological Deviations in Morphometric Similarity Networks.JAMA psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Abnormal MRI Features in Children with ADHD: A Narrative Review of Large-Scale Studies.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Roles of NRXN1 in neuropsychiatric disorders: from genetic lesion to molecular mechanism.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Examining ultra-processed food consumption and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children living in Kuwait.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of natural products and traditional Chinese medicine formulas in ADHD: a review of preclinical evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Altered temporal organization of neural response dynamics during attention processing differentiates ADHD subtypes in children.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
- The potential role of aberrant microglial synaptic pruning in the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of tourette syndrome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Levomethadone Selectively Reduces Emotional Impulsivity in ASRS-Positive ADHD-OUD Patients, Independent of Dose Escalation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Dihydromyricetin alleviates attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by modulating the SIRT1/Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 signaling pathway.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Symptom-specific gut microbial and metabolic profiles in ADHD reveal SCFA deficiency as a Key pathogenic mechanism.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- [The microbiota-gut-brain axis in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic advances].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Review
- Associations Between Head Motion, Age, and Psychiatric Diagnoses in a Large-Scale Developmental Sample.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extensive investigations spanning multiple levels of inquiry, from genetic to behavioural studies, have sought to unravel the mechanistic foundations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with the aspiration of developing efficacious treatments for this condition. Despite these efforts, the pathogenesis of ADHD remains elusive. In this Review, we reflect on what has been learned about ADHD while also providing a framework that may serve as a roadmap for future investigations. We emphasize that ADHD is a highly heterogeneous disorder with multiple aetiologies that necessitates a multifactorial dimensional phenotype, rather than a fixed dichotomous conceptualization. We highlight new findings that suggest a more brain-wide, 'global' view of the disorder, rather than the traditional localizationist framework, which asserts that a limited set of brain regions or networks underlie ADHD. Last, we underscore how underpowered studies that have aimed to associate neurobiology with ADHD phenotypes have long precluded the field from making progress. However, a new age of ADHD research with refined phenotypes, advanced methods, creative study designs and adequately powered investigations is beginning to put the field on a good footing. Indeed, the field is at a promising juncture to advance the neurobiological understanding of ADHD and fulfil the promise of clinical utility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.