Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39448551›Full record

Observational studyJournal of the International AIDS Society2024

Very high HIV prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Indonesia: a retrospective observational cohort study in Bali and Jakarta, 2017-2020.

Brigitta Dhyah Kunthi Wardhani, Andrew E Grulich, Nurhayati H Kawi, Yogi Prasetia, Hendry Luis, Gede Benny S Wirawan, Putu Erma Pradnyani, John Kaldor, Matthew Law, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo and 3 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Brigitta Dhyah Kunthi WardhaniCenter for Public Health Innovation (CPHI), Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia.
Andrew E GrulichThe Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nurhayati H KawiKlinik Utama Globalindo, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia.
Yogi PrasetiaKlinik Bali Medika, Badung, Indonesia.
Hendry LuisYayasan Bali Peduli, Denpasar, Indonesia.
Gede Benny S WirawanUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-5749
Putu Erma PradnyaniCenter for Public Health Innovation (CPHI), Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia.
John KaldorThe Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Matthew LawThe Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Sudarto RonoatmodjoEpidemiology Department, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Erik Parulian SihotangKlinik Utama Globalindo, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia.
Pande Putu JanuragaCenter for Public Health Innovation (CPHI), Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-0856
Benjamin R BavintonThe Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5834-8278

Funding

Kirby Instituteseed grant from the Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThere are no longitudinal HIV incidence data among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Indonesia. We aimed to estimate HIV prevalence and incidence and identify associated factors among clinic attendees in Jakarta and Bali.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical records from five clinics. We reviewed HIV tests among MSM/TGW aged ≥18 years who attended the clinics between 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020 in Jakarta and 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 in Bali. HIV prevalence was measured at the first test. Those with an HIV-negative test and ≥1 follow-up test/s were included in the person-years (PY) at risk to determine HIV incidence. The PY at risk calculation started at the first negative test until the last recorded negative test or seroconversion. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with HIV acquisition.

resultsAmong 5203 and 2815 individuals with an HIV test result in Jakarta and Bali, respectively, at the first HIV test, 1205 and 616 were HIV positive (HIV prevalence 23.2% and 21.9%). The longitudinal sample included 1418 and 873 individuals, respectively. The median number of tests among repeat testers was 3 in Jakarta (interquartile range [IQR] = 2-4) and 3 in Bali (IQR = 2-5). At baseline, about one-quarter were aged <25 years, >90% were MSM and >35% had been tested for HIV previously. In Jakarta, there were 127 HIV seroconversions in 1353 PY (incidence 9.39/100 PY, 95% CI = 7.89-11.17), and in Bali, 71 seroconversions in 982 PY (incidence 7.24/100 PY, 95% CI = 5.73-9.13). Compared to those aged 18-24 years, the incidence rate was lower in older patients (Jakarta-30-39 years: aRR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.34-0.92; 40+ years: aRR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.14-0.81; Bali-25-29 years: aRR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.25-0.79; 30-39 years: aRR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.18-0.61; 40+ years: aRR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01-0.48). In Jakarta, incidence was lower in those with university education than in those without (aRR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.45-0.96). In Bali, those who had been referred by outreach workers had a higher incidence than those who self-presented for testing (aRR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.12-3.07).

conclusionsWe observed very high HIV prevalence and incidence rate estimates. Measures to encourage regular testing and effective use of HIV prevention, including pre-exposure prophylaxis scale-up and demand creation, are needed.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsHomosexuality, MaleTransgender PersonsAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansIncidenceIndonesiaMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsYoung AdultHIVincidenceIndonesiaMSMprevalenceTGW

Identifiers

PMID39448551
PMCPMC11502302

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.