ReviewBrain stimulation
The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation.
Review in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The efficacy and mechanisms of low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation on pain: a systematic review of human and animal studies.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Transcranial ultrasound stimulation parameters for neurological diseases: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Transcranial ultrasound stimulation in neuromodulation: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2024.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Multi-focal ultrasound neuromodulation to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex disrupts behavioural and neural pain processing.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles Enable Modulation of Cortical Networks by Low-Intensity Static Magnetic Fields In Vitro.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Focused ultrasound neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders: a scoping review of clinical applications and current progress.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- TRPC4/TRPC5 are critical for neuronal modulation by transcranial focused ultrasound in retrosplenial cortex in male mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-responsive liposomes: A mechanistic framework to decode the effects of acoustic parameters.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The human amygdala in threat learning and extinction.Science advances · 2026Article
- Rapid modulation of choice behavior by ultrasound on the human frontal eye fields.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ultrasound neuromodulation in brain disorders: from mechanotransduction mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Parameter-Determined Effects: Advances in Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Modulating Neural Excitation and Inhibition.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Challenges and lessons learned in attempts to develop in vitro models for ultrasound neuromodulation using local field potential measurements in hippocampal tissue.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Parameter optimisation for mitigating somatosensory confounds during transcranial ultrasonic stimulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A double-blind replication attempt of offline 5Hz-rTUS-induced corticospinal excitability.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Parameter optimisation for mitigating somatosensory confounds during transcranial ultrasonic stimulation.Brain stimulationArticle
- Biophysical effects and neuromodulatory dose of transcranial ultrasonic stimulation.Brain stimulationReview
- Cell-type-specific bidirectional modulation of the cortico-thalamo-cortical sensory pathway by transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS).Brain stimulationArticle
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly gaining traction for non-invasive human neuromodulation, with a pressing need to establish protocols that maximise neuromodulatory efficacy. In this review, we aggregate and examine empirical evidence for the relationship between tunable TUS parameters and in vitro and in vivo outcomes. Based on this multiscale approach, TUS researchers can make better informed decisions about optimal parameter settings. Importantly, we also discuss the challenges involved in extrapolating results from prior empirical work to future interventions, including the translation of protocols between models and the complex interaction between TUS protocols and the brain. A synthesis of the empirical evidence suggests that larger effects will be observed at lower frequencies within the sub-MHz range, higher intensities and pressures than commonly administered thus far, and longer pulses and pulse train durations. Nevertheless, we emphasise the need for cautious interpretation of empirical data from different experimental paradigms when basing protocols on prior work as we advance towards refined TUS parameters for human neuromodulation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.