ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2024
Soft hydrogel semiconductors with augmented biointeractive functions.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multifunctional material platforms for neural interfaces: active orchestration of dynamic foreign body response across implantation lifetimes.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Minimally invasive bioelectronic implants.Nature materials · 2026Review
- Seamless biointerfaces in devices.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Design principles for π-conjugated hydrogel semiconductors.Nature materials · 2026Review
- Hydrogel Phase Transition-Driven Soft Gating Circumvents Debye Screening for Advanced Biosensing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Rapid-responsive and water-stable organic electrochemical transistors enabled by supramolecular artificial ion channels.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Neuromorphic Bioelectronics: Materials and Manufacturing Technologies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Multiscale Manufacturing of Organic Electronic Materials.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Advances in Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors: Design Strategies and Applications in Human-Machine Interaction and Bioelectronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Hydrophobic Eutectogels Reinforced by ZnNano-micro letters · 2026Article
- 3D-printed implantable bioelectronics enabled by anti-swelling and biphasic conductive hydrogels.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Ultrasoft, adhesive, pH-tunable hydrogel based on in situ functionalized laser-induced graphene for through-hair concurrent biosensing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Ion-backbone accessibility enables unity doping efficiency in organic electrochemical transistors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Printable Conductive Hydrogels for Electrochemical Biosensing and Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A modular hydrogel system with independent control of bioadhesion, fibrosis, and stiffness.Science advances · 2026Article
- Tissue-bioelectronics interfaces.Chemical Society reviews · 2026Review
- Biofunctionalized polymer semiconductors toward soft and stretchable transistor-based biosensors.Science advances · 2026Article
- Machine-Learning-Enabled Hydrogel Biosensors for Wearable Health Monitoring.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Controlling thermoreversibility and hole conductivity in thermoresponsive ionic biogels using phase morphology for neurohaptics.Science advances · 2026Article
- Hydrogel-Based Semiconductors: Principles, Types, and Emerging Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hydrogels, known for their mechanical and chemical similarity to biological tissues, are widely used in biotechnologies, whereas semiconductors provide advanced electronic and optoelectronic functionalities such as signal amplification, sensing, and photomodulation. Combining semiconducting properties with hydrogel designs can enhance biointeractive functions and intimacy at biointerfaces, but this is challenging owing to the low hydrophilicity of polymer semiconductors. We developed a solvent affinity-induced assembly method that incorporates water-insoluble polymer semiconductors into double-network hydrogels. These semiconductors exhibited tissue-level moduli as soft as 81 kilopascals, stretchability of 150% strain, and charge-carrier mobility up to 1.4 square centimeters per volt per second. When they are interfaced with biological tissues, their tissue-level modulus enables alleviated immune reactions. The hydrogel's high porosity enhances molecular interactions at semiconductor-biofluid interfaces, resulting in photomodulation with higher response and volumetric biosensing with higher sensitivity.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.