ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024
Associations of semaglutide with first-time diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: Target trial emulation using nationwide real-world data in the US.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Semaglutide Effects on Adipose Tissue and Emerging Effects on Brain and Cognition.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Suboptimal therapeutic responses associated with semaglutide in type 2 diabetes and obesity: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association between diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Risk reduction and precision prevention across the Alzheimer's disease continuum: a systematic review of clinical trials combining multidomain lifestyle interventions and pharmacological or nutraceutical approaches.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and incretin-based therapies on dementia risk in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Semaglutide on Cognitive Function in People With HIV: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- evoke and evoke+: design of two large-scale, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies evaluating efficacy, safety, and tolerability of semaglutide in early-stage symptomatic Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Trial
- ZBP1-mediated Treg cell dysfunction exacerbates neuroimmune dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease under metabolic stress.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Genetic Insights Into Protective Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Stroke and Alzheimer Disease Across Ancestries.Neurology. Genetics · 2026Article
- GLP-1R agonist semaglutide protects human forebrain organoids from cholesterol-induced neurotoxicity.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Genetic evidence supports a cortical neuroprotective role of GLP-1 receptor activation in Alzheimer's disease: A drug-target Mendelian randomization study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Trajectory-Oriented Brain Vulnerability Framework for Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in neurodegenerative diseases: a bibliometric analysis of global research trends and research hotspots from 2006 to 2025.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Semaglutide exerts neuroprotective effects by blocking the interleukin-17/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3-mediated neuroinflammation pathway after traumatic brain injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Cognitive signs and symptoms in people with a psychiatric diagnosis on semaglutide: a retrospective cohort study of 13 007 patients in the USA.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- GLP-1 receptor agonists for Alzheimer's disease: Lessons from trials and translational challenges.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Semaglutide as a potential neuroprotective agent for neurological and neurodegenerative disorders: Mechanisms, preclinical evidence, and translational challenges and opportunities.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- The Neuroprotective Potentials of Dual GIP/GLP1-RA (Tirzepatide): From Preclinical Experiments to Clinical Trials: A Scoping Review.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionEmerging preclinical evidence suggests that semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, protects against neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. However, real-world evidence for its ability to protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) is lacking.
methodsWe conducted emulation target trials based on a nationwide database of electronic health records (EHRs) of 116 million US patients. Seven target trials were emulated among 1,094,761 eligible patients with T2DM who had no prior AD diagnosis by comparing semaglutide with seven other antidiabetic medications. First-ever diagnosis of AD occurred within a 3-year follow-up period and was examined using Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses.
resultsSemaglutide was associated with significantly reduced risk for first-time AD diagnosis, most strongly compared with insulin (hazard ratio [HR], 0.33 [95% CI: 0.21 to 0.51]) and most weakly compared with other GLP-1RAs (HR, 0.59 [95% CI: 0.37 to 0.95]). Similar results were seen across obesity status, gender, and age groups. DISCUSSION: These findings support further studies to assess semaglutide's potential in preventing AD. HIGHLIGHTS: Semaglutide was associated with 40% to 70% reduced risks of first-time AD diagnosis in T2DM patients compared to other antidiabetic medications, including other GLP-1RAs. Semaglutide was associated with significantly lower AD-related medication prescriptions. Similar reductions were seen across obesity status, gender, and age groups. Our findings provide real-world evidence supporting the potential clinical benefits of semaglutide in mitigating AD initiation and development in patients with T2DM. These findings support further clinical trials to assess semaglutide's potential in delaying or preventing AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.