ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Monocyte-derived Galectin-9 and PD-L1 differentially impair adaptive and innate immune response in chronic HBV infection and their expression remain unaltered after antiviral therapy.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Single-cell dissection of pleural and systemic immunity uncovers pathogen-specific immune reprogramming in tuberculosis versus lung adenocarcinoma.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- The immunoecology of occult hepatitis B virus infection: genetic remodeling and the immune-mediated microcosm.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Research Advances in the Endometriotic Microenvironment: Synergistic Immune-Inflammatory-Angiogenic Interactions and their Therapeutic Translation.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Research Progress on Mechanisms of Immune Tolerance Induced by Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Chronic HBV Infection.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Peripheral and intrahepatic B-cell subsets contribute to HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Biomarker Signatures in Time-Course Progression of Neuropathic Pain at Spinal Cord Level Based on Bioinformatics and Machine Learning Analysis.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- [Current status of research on the impairment of natural killer cell function caused by hepatitis B virus infection].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Galectins and Liver Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Anti-HBV treatment partially restores the dysfunction of innate immune cells and unconventional T cells during chronic HBV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Introduction: Patients with chronic HBV infection (CHI) exhibit defective anti-viral immune-response whose underlying causes still remain unclear. Monocytes act as immune sentinels for pathogens and can regulate immunity via interaction with other immune-cells, apart from differentiating into macrophages. Immune-checkpoint molecules (ICMs) expressed by immune-cells, including monocytes are known to negatively regulate immune-responses. Here, we evaluated the expression of ICMs, namely, Gal-9, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 on monocytes in different phases of CHI, identified the viral and the host factors causing their aberrant expression and investigated their impact during interaction of monocytes with T-cells, B-cells and NK-cells and also on monocyte to macrophage differentiation. Influence of Tenofovir therapy on the expression of monocytic ICMs was also studied. Methods: Collection of blood and liver-tissue samples from HBV infected patients and controls, flow-cytometry, cell sorting, cell culture and immune-fluorescence were performed for this study. Results: Gal-9 Conclusions: Monocytic Gal-9 and PD-L1, expressed heterogeneously in different phases of CHI, exert diverse inhibitory effects on immune-responses and their therapeutic targeting could boost anti-HBV immunity.
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