ReviewThe Lancet regional health. Europe2024
Fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: from current to future applications.
Review in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The dual role of mTOR in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Targeting progressive multiple sclerosis: Toward mechanism-informed precision medicine.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicle microRNAs in Multiple Sclerosis: An Exploratory Case-Control Study on Phenotypic Discrimination.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- CSF Cytokine Network Organization Predicts Progression Independent of Relapse and MRI Activity in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- [XVIII Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: Review of the New Developments Presented at the 2025 ECTRIMS Congress (Part I)].Revista de neurologia · 2026Article
- Induced pluripotent stem cell treatment for microglia replacement in progressive MS.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Review
- Real-world application of the conventional components of the 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis in China: a comparative study with the 2017 criteria.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Baseline Neuroinflammation Stratifies TSPO-PET Response to Disease-Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Rethinking prognosis in multiple sclerosis: a multiaxial perspective.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Intrathecal immunoglobulin production in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Bayes at the Bedside: Biomarkers in Situations of Clinical Uncertainty.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neurodegenerative and inflammatory biomarkers are detectable in saliva in multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association between post-COVID-19 neuropsychiatric symptoms and persistent glial activation in the limbic system: a TSPO PET study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Kappa Index predicts disease activity and transition to high-efficacy therapies in multiple sclerosis.Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- MSpine: a prospective longitudinal study of spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis: MRI monitoring and prognostic factors for active disease. A study protocol.Neurological research and practice · 2026Article
- Serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein predicting multiple sclerosis after clinically isolated syndrome.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- The immunoproteasome as a neuroimmune hub in the central nervous system: from proteostasis stress to inflammatory pathology.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Assessing the Relative Importance of Imaging and Serum Biomarkers in Capturing Disability, Cognitive Impairment, and Clinical Progression in Multiple Sclerosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Serum miRNA-155 and TREM2 as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Monitoring Neuroinflammation and Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-derived miR-760 as a novel promising candidate biomarker differentiating stable RRMS from SPMS.Scientific reports · 2026Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. In the last decade, the landscape of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers as potential key tools for MS diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring has evolved considerably, alongside magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CSF analysis has the potential not only to provide information on the underlying immunopathology of the disease and exclude differential diagnoses, but also to predict the risk of future relapses and disability accrual, guide therapeutic decisions and thus improve patient outcomes. This Series article overviews the biological framework and current applicability of fluid biomarkers for MS, exploring their potential role in the molecular characterisation of the disease. We discuss recent advances in the field of neurochemistry that enabled the detection of brain-derived proteins in blood, opening the door to much more efficient longitudinal disease monitoring. Furthermore, we identify the current challenges in the application of fluid biomarkers for MS in a real-world setting, while offering recommendations for harnessing their full potential as key paraclinical tools to improve patient management and personalise treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.