ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2024
Impairment of spinal CSF flow precedes immune cell infiltration in an active EAE model.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- SV2A PET reveals synaptic density loss in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and in a pilot multiple sclerosis study.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The spinal lymphatic system: an emerging pathway bridging fluid homeostasis, immunity, and disease.Bone research · 2026Review
- The cribriform plate: A dynamic central nervous system-immune hub.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Cribriform Plate Microenvironment Assembles a Suppressive Myeloid Network during EAE-induced Neuroinflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid draining lymphatics in health and disease: advances and controversies.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Perineural immune environment of olfactory nerves is reshaped by neuroinflammatory drainage and connects to ethmoid bone marrow.Science advances · 2025Article
- Role of CSF flow and meningeal barriers in the development of inflammatory lesions at the CNS-PNS transition zone of cranial nerves in autoimmune demyelinating diseases.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- Spinal cord morphology and PKD2L1Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2025Article
- Chemokines as therapeutic targets for multiple sclerosis: a spatial and chronological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Accumulation of immune cells and proteins in the subarachnoid space (SAS) is found during multiple sclerosis and in the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Whether the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along the SAS of the spinal cord is impacted is yet unknown. Combining intravital near-infrared (NIR) imaging with histopathological analyses, we observed a significantly impaired bulk flow of CSF tracers within the SAS of the spinal cord prior to EAE onset, which persisted until peak stage and was only partially recovered during chronic disease. The impairment of spinal CSF flow coincided with the appearance of fibrin aggregates in the SAS, however, it preceded immune cell infiltration and breakdown of the glia limitans superficialis. Conversely, cranial CSF efflux to cervical lymph nodes was not altered during the disease course. Our study highlights an early and persistent impairment of spinal CSF flow and suggests it as a sensitive imaging biomarker for pathological changes within the leptomeninges.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.