Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39442559›Full record

ArticleNature medicine2025

Global genomic surveillance of monkeypox virus.

James R Otieno, Christopher Ruis, Anyebe B Onoja, Krutika Kuppalli, Ana Hoxha, Andreas Nitsche, Annika Brinkmann, Janine Michel, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka and 17 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. An atypical case of infection with the Mpox virus clade IIb lineage C.1 - clinical and virological findings.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

James R Otieno *World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9790-2307
Christopher Ruis *World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Anyebe B OnojaWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5502-3224
Krutika KuppalliWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Ana HoxhaWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8674-0397
Andreas NitscheZBS-Highly Pathogenic Viruses, German Consultant Laboratory for Poxviruses, WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Annika BrinkmannZBS-Highly Pathogenic Viruses, German Consultant Laboratory for Poxviruses, WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Janine MichelZBS-Highly Pathogenic Viruses, German Consultant Laboratory for Poxviruses, WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6227-3125
Placide Mbala-KingebeniNational Institute for Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-3570
Daniel Mukadi-BamulekaUniversity of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6836-8704
Muntasir Mohammed OsmanHealth Emergencies and Epidemics Control, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Republic of the Sudan.
Hanadi HusseinHealth Emergencies and Epidemics Control, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Republic of the Sudan.
Muhammad Ali RajaWorld Health Organization Country Office, Port Sudan, Republic of the Sudan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0666-4513
Richard FotsingWorld Health Organization Country Office, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Belinda L HerringWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
Mory KeitaWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
Jairo Mendez RicoWorld Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas, Washington DC, USA.
Lionel GreshWorld Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas, Washington DC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2333-1748
Amal BarakatWorld Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt.
Victoria KataweraWorld Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines.
Karen NahapetyanWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Dhamari NaidooWorld Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India.
R Andres FlotoVictor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-5659
Jane CunninghamWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Maria D Van KerkhoveWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-0018
Rosamund F LewisWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7227-2545
Lorenzo SubissiWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. subissil@who.int.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-575X

Funding

Wellcome TrustWorld Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is endemic in western and Central Africa, and in May 2022, a clade IIb lineage (B.1) caused a global outbreak outside Africa, resulting in its detection in 116 countries and territories. To understand the global phylogenetics of MPXV, we analyzed all available MPXV sequences, including 10,670 sequences from 65 countries collected between 1958 and 2024. Our analysis reveals high mobility of clade I viruses within Central Africa, sustained human-to-human transmission of clade IIb lineage A viruses within the Eastern Mediterranean region and distinct mutational signatures that can distinguish sustained human-to-human from animal-to-animal transmission. Moreover, distinct clade I sequences from Sudan suggest local MPXV circulation in areas of eastern Africa over the past four decades. Our study underscores the importance of genomic surveillance in tracking spatiotemporal dynamics of MXPV clades and the need to strengthen such surveillance, including in some parts of eastern Africa.

Indexed as

Genome, ViralGenomicsMonkeypox virusMpox, MonkeypoxDisease OutbreaksHumansPhylogeny

Identifiers

PMID39442559
PMCPMC11750716

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.