Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA): A case of systemic symptoms following breast implants and vaccinations.

introduction and importanceThe Autoimmune/inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA) is a recently recognized entity characterized by a constellation of nonspecific symptoms that develop after exposure to adjuvants. Adjuvants can include vaccines, silicone, and other foreign substances. Here, we present the case of a 31-year-old woman who developed ASIA syndrome following breast implants and booster vaccinations, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges and treatment considerations. CASE PRESENTATION: A 31-year-old female presented with a history of progressive systemic symptoms including chronic fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, and headaches, four months after receiving breast implants. Her clinical history was further complicated by multiple vaccinations, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2 boosters. After extensive diagnostic workup and unsuccessful medical management, she was diagnosed with ASIA syndrome. The decision was made to remove the implants, leading to rapid and complete resolution of her symptoms. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: ASIA syndrome is a difficult diagnosis due to its broad symptomatology and its mimicry of other autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Diagnostic criteria, proposed by Shoenfeld et al., include exposure to adjuvants and the appearance of typical clinical manifestations such as fatigue, myalgias, and arthralgias. In this case, the temporal association with breast implants and vaccinations made the diagnosis more evident. Surgical removal of the implants led to immediate improvement, reinforcing the diagnosis.

conclusionThis case highlights the importance of recognizing ASIA syndrome as a potential diagnosis in patients with exposure to adjuvants and unexplained systemic symptoms. Early diagnosis and intervention, such as removal of the triggering adjuvant, are essential for patient recovery. EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE RANKING: Level IV.