ArticleScience translational medicine2024
SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 mRNA booster vaccination elicits limited mucosal immunity.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Targeted FcRn to deliver epitope-optimized RBD confers broad-spectrum mucosal protection against SARS-CoV-2.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy on non-adjuvanted CD40-targeting SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in non-human primates.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Mucosal Vaccine Development: From Adjuvant Design to Next-Generation Delivery Strategies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Adapted Live SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits Rapid Mucosal Immunity, Protects From Disease, and Reduces Shedding of XBB.1.5.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- XBB 1.5 monovalent booster vaccination stimulates oral mucosal and systemic immune responses in healthy adults.Vaccine · 2026Article
- Building better antibody responses: The interplay of infection, vaccination, and immune imprinting.PNAS nexus · 2026Review
- Dual induction of tissue-resident T and B cell immunity for broad influenza protection with a nanofiber-VLP vaccine.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Intranasal S-2P and lentinan formulation confers broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs via IFN-γ-dominant mechanisms.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: a prospective outlook from technological innovation to clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity of JN.1 and KP.2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.Vaccine · 2026Article
- Optimizing COVID-19 vaccination strategies for high-risk populations: potential and challenges of combining heterologous boosting with respiratory mucosal delivery.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- AI-guided epitope engineering of a SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen for broad sarbecovirus neutralization.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Replication not required: mRNA vaccines take on non-enveloped viruses.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Exploring the standardization of human nasal antibody measurements.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Dynamic impact of bivalent COVID-19 vaccine boosters on systemic and mucosal antibody and T cell immunity.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Rapid decline of SARS-CoV-2-specific salivary IgA antibody levels in people with hybrid immunity-data from the STOPCoV study.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Spike conformational and glycan heterogeneity associated with furin cleavage causes incomplete neutralization of SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Current COVID-19 vaccines provide robust protection against severe disease but minimal protection against acquisition of infection. Intramuscularly administered COVID-19 vaccines induce robust serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), but their ability to boost mucosal immune responses remains to be determined. In this study, we show that the XBB.1.5 messenger RNA (mRNA) boosters result in increased serum neutralization to multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in humans, including the dominant circulating variant JN.1. In contrast, we found that the XBB.1.5 mRNA booster did not augment mucosal NAbs or mucosal IgA responses, although acute SARS-CoV-2 XBB infection substantially increased mucosal antibody responses. These data demonstrate that current XBB.1.5 mRNA boosters substantially enhance peripheral antibody responses but do not robustly increase mucosal antibody responses. Our data highlight a separation between the peripheral and mucosal immune systems in humans and emphasize the importance of developing next-generation vaccines to augment mucosal immunity to protect against respiratory virus infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.