Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39440660›Full record

ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2025

Changes in Sources of Information About the Risks and Benefits of Cannabis in a National Cohort of U.S. Adults From 2017 to 2021.

Francis Julian L Graham, Salomeh Keyhani, Pamela Ling, Vira Pravosud, Nhung Nguyen, Deborah S Hasin, Beth E Cohen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Francis Julian L GrahamSchool of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Salomeh KeyhaniSchool of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Pamela LingUniversity of California San Francisco, Division of General Internal Medicine and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, San Francisco, California.
Vira PravosudSchool of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Nhung NguyenUniversity of California San Francisco, Division of General Internal Medicine and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, San Francisco, California.
Deborah S HasinEpidemiology in Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
Beth E CohenSchool of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAs more U.S. states legalize cannabis, marketing from the cannabis industry and news coverage of cannabis have increased. Sources of information on cannabis can influence beliefs about risks and benefits. Yet, little is known about how the use and influence of specific sources of information have changed over time.

methodWe conducted a longitudinal study of 5,053 U.S. adults between 2017 and 2021. Participants were asked about sources of information on cannabis risks and benefits and which sources were most influential using a web-based survey at three different time points (2017, 2020, 2021). We evaluated changes in the use/influence of multiple sources of information from 2017 to 2021 and examined interactions with age, cannabis use, and state cannabis legal status.

resultsThe largest increases in sources of information on cannabis benefits and risks were in the use of health professionals (+5.5% for benefits and +17.4% for risks). The largest declines were in the use of traditional media (television, radio, newspapers) (-12.3% and -11.4%, respectively). The use of cannabis advertisements and dispensaries/other industry sources also significantly increased. Health professionals were the most influential source of information in all three waves regardless of age, cannabis use, or state legal status.

conclusionsParticipants sought information from different sources and increasingly relied on health professionals as a primary source, highlighting the need to train health care providers about cannabis risks and benefits. Although fewer people used traditional media, use of industry sources increased, underscoring the need for accurate cannabis information sources.

Indexed as

CannabisMarijuana SmokingMarijuana UseAdolescentAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInformation SourcesLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID39440660
PMCPMC12315104

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.